1035 lines
59 KiB
JSON
1035 lines
59 KiB
JSON
{
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"BA101": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA102": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA103": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA104": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA105": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA106": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA107": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA108": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA109": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BA110": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The ITU spelling alphabet maps each letter to a fixed code word; digits remain digits and '/' is spoken as 'Stroke'. Using that fixed mapping makes the call sign unambiguous over radio.",
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"source": "https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/ap14.pdf",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BB101": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "Abbreviations and Q groups compress common operating messages, so slow text modes carry more meaning per character and keep contacts concise.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB102": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "CQ is the standard open invitation to any station, not a call to one named station.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB103": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "DX is operating shorthand for a distant station or long-distance contact; the distance threshold depends on band and propagation.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB104": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "On VHF/UHF, normal local coverage is limited, so DX means stations well beyond local range, typically more than a few hundred kilometres away.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB105": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "On 80 m at night, intercontinental propagation is plausible, so 'CQ DX' asks for stations from other continents rather than nearby stations.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB106": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "TX, RX, and TRX follow the transmit/receive naming convention: transmitter, receiver, and a combined transceiver.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB107": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "CW names the continuous carrier used for Morse telegraphy; the information is keyed by interrupting or shifting that carrier.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB108": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "BK is the telegraphy break signal: it interrupts the current transmission or hands over informally without the full closing sequence.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB109": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "K is the procedural invitation to transmit, so it marks that the other station may answer.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB110": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "R at the start of a telegraphy over means 'received', confirming that the previous transmission was copied.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB201": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "These Q groups encode common reception conditions: QRM is man-made interference, QRN is atmospheric noise, and QSB asks about fading.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB202": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "With a question mark, QRO asks about increasing power, QSO asks about direct communication, and QRX asks when the next call should happen.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB203": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "QRT orders stopping transmission, QRZ asks who is calling, and QSL? asks whether reception can be confirmed.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB204": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "QRV states readiness, QRM? asks whether interference is present, and QTH gives a station location.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB205": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "QRP is the operating signal for reducing transmitter power, so 'PSE QRP' is a polite request to turn it down.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BB206": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "QSY is the operating signal for changing frequency, so 'PSE QSY' asks you to move to another frequency.",
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"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
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"confidence": 8
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},
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"BC101": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 10 m amateur band is around 28 MHz, which lies in the 3-30 MHz HF shortwave range.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC102": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 2 m band is around 144-146 MHz, which lies in the 30-300 MHz VHF range.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC103": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 70 cm band is around 430-440 MHz, which lies in the 300-3000 MHz UHF range.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC104": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "HF is defined as 3-30 MHz; those wavelengths are roughly 100 m to 10 m, hence shortwave/KW.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC105": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "VHF is defined as 30-300 MHz; in German amateur practice this is the UKW range.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC106": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "UHF is defined as 300-3000 MHz; its wavelengths are in the decimetre range.",
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"source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Article 2",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BC201": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "IARU band plans are coordination recommendations, not law, but following them prevents incompatible modes from crowding each other.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/hf_r1_bandplan.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC202": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The HF band-plan convention uses lower sideband below 10 MHz, so 80 m normally uses LSB.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/hf_r1_bandplan.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC203": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The HF band-plan convention uses upper sideband above 10 MHz, so 20 m normally uses USB.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/hf_r1_bandplan.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC204": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "Band plans put narrow Morse activity at the lower edge of most bands, leaving wider modes farther up the band.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/hf_r1_bandplan.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC205": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The Region 1 VHF plan marks 145.500 MHz as the 2 m FM calling frequency, so it is used for general FM calls.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC206": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The Region 1 UHF plan marks 433.500 MHz as the 70 cm FM calling frequency, so it is used for general FM calls.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC207": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 2 m band plan lists 145.375 MHz for digital voice calling, separating it from analogue FM calling traffic.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC208": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 70 cm band plan lists 433.450 MHz for digital voice calling, separating it from analogue FM calling traffic.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC209": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "145.450 MHz falls in the 2 m FM simplex channel area, so it is suitable for an FM voice contact under the band plan.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC210": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "144.310 MHz sits near the 144.300 MHz SSB centre of activity, so it is appropriate for 2 m SSB voice.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC211": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 2 m band plan uses 144.300 MHz as the SSB centre of activity.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC212": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 70 cm band plan uses 432.200 MHz as the SSB centre of activity.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC213": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "144.075 MHz lies in the narrow Morse-preferred segment, so wider or keyboard digital modes should use their own segments.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC214": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "Around 144.125 MHz the 2 m band plan is for Morse and narrow digital work, not local FM voice.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC215": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "Around 144.450 MHz the 2 m band plan reserves beacon use, so an ordinary local FM QSO would occupy the wrong segment.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC216": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "The 145.500-145.5625 MHz FM simplex area is channelised for narrow FM, so keeping to about 12 kHz avoids adjacent-channel interference.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC217": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "145.600 MHz is in the 2 m repeater output area, so a direct local FM contact would interfere with repeater operation.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC218": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "145.800 MHz belongs to the 2 m space-communication segment, so it should be kept clear for satellite and other space contacts.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC219": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "432.040 MHz lies in the 70 cm Morse/narrow digital segment, so local FM voice would be the wrong bandwidth and mode there.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC220": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "432.450 MHz is assigned to beacon activity in the 70 cm plan, so it should not be used for an ordinary local FM contact.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
|
|
"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC221": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "435.500 MHz lies in the 70 cm satellite segment, so terrestrial local FM would risk interfering with satellite operation.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
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"confidence": 7
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},
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"BC222": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "439.200 MHz is in the 70 cm repeater output area, so a direct local FM contact would occupy repeater spectrum.",
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"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
|
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"confidence": 7
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},
|
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"BD101": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "German club-station call signs use zero in the numeral position; DA0ABC therefore identifies a club station.",
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|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
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"confidence": 9
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},
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"BD102": {
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|
"revision": 1,
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|
"explanation": "AFuV §16 allows BNetzA to permit special experimental or technical-scientific studies and to make that dependent on assigning another call sign.",
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|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
|
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"confidence": 10
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},
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"BD103": {
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"revision": 1,
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"explanation": "DL0 is in the German club-station pattern for class A, and the zero distinguishes it from person-bound DL1-DL9 calls.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD104": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "In the German call-sign plan, DL1-DL9 with normal two- or three-letter suffixes are person-bound class A call signs.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD105": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The German call-sign plan assigns DN9 to person-bound class N call signs.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD106": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The German call-sign plan assigns DO1-DO9 with normal suffixes to person-bound class E call signs.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD107": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "DP0GVN is one of the German exterritorial class A station patterns; DP0 is used for special locations outside ordinary German territory.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD108": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "DP0POL follows the same exterritorial class A pattern as other German Antarctic or special-location stations.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD109": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Low-power transmitters for direction finding may identify with short MO-series markers instead of a normal amateur call sign.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD201": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The suffix /am means aeronautical mobile: the station is operating from an aircraft.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD202": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "VE is a Canadian call-sign series, and /am adds that the station is being operated from an aircraft.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD203": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The suffix /m means mobile; for amateur operation that includes a station moving in a land vehicle.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD204": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The suffix /m can also mark mobile operation on inland waterways, distinct from /mm on the high seas.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD205": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The suffix /mm means maritime mobile, so the station is aboard a vessel at sea rather than on land or inland water.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BD206": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The suffix /p is used as extra information for portable or temporarily fixed operation.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD207": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "AFuV allows internationally customary suffixes but does not require /p for portable or temporary fixed operation in Germany.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD208": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "AFuV §11 names Remote for speech and /R for telegraphy or digital modes when marking remote operation.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"BD209": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For training operation, AFuV §11 requires /Trainee in speech, so the trainee uses the instructor's call sign plus that suffix.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"BD210": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Training operation may use the club-station call sign, but AFuV §11 requires the training suffix /Trainee for speech or /T for telegraphy/digital modes.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"BD211": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For training in Morse or digital modes, AFuV §11 requires the short /T suffix on the instructor's call sign.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"BD212": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CEPT guest operation uses the visited country's prefix before the home call sign, so a UK G3MM station temporarily in Germany signs with DL/.",
|
|
"source": "https://docdb.cept.org/download/3321",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD213": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CEPT Novice guest operation in Switzerland uses the Swiss novice visitor prefix HB3 before the German class E call sign.",
|
|
"source": "https://docdb.cept.org/download/2768",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD214": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CEPT guest operation in Switzerland uses the Swiss HB9 prefix before the German class A call sign.",
|
|
"source": "https://docdb.cept.org/download/3321",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD301": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Unknown prefixes are a lookup item: the ITU call-sign allocation table, handbooks, and callbooks map prefix blocks to countries.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD302": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "ITU call-sign series split DA-DR to Germany, DS-DT to South Korea, and DU-DZ to the Philippines.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD303": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps OE to Austria, ON to Belgium, and OK to Czechia.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD304": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps OE to Austria, PA to the Netherlands, and SM to Sweden.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD305": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps F to France, PA to the Netherlands, and SP to Poland.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD306": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps SM to Sweden, SP to Poland, and ZS to South Africa.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD307": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps 4X to Israel, F to France, and OZ to Denmark.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD308": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps EA to Spain, EI to Ireland, EK to Armenia, EM to Ukraine, and ES to Estonia.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD309": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps VE to Canada, VK to Australia, and PY to Brazil.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD310": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps HB9 to Switzerland, EA to Spain, and ON to Belgium.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD311": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps EA to Spain, LX to Luxembourg, and SP to Poland.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD312": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps W to the United States, ZL to New Zealand, and LU to Argentina.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD313": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The ITU prefix table maps BY to China, VE to Canada, and VK to Australia.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD314": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "F, HB9, OZ, and SP correspond to France, Switzerland, Denmark, and Poland, all neighbours of Germany.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD315": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "K and W are United States call-sign series, so K3LR, W3DZZ, and K4EAX are all US-style calls.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD316": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "W, VE, and XE identify the United States, Canada, and Mexico; all three are on North America.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD317": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "PY, CE, and LU identify Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, all in South America.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BD318": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "BY, JA, and VU identify China, Japan, and India, all in Asia.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.itu.int/gladapp/Allocation/CallSigns",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BE101": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A contact starts either as a general call, a directed call, or an answer to a call; in every case the own call sign identifies the transmitting station.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BE102": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Answering CQ first names the station being called, then gives your own call sign once, which makes both sides of the intended contact clear.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE103": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A partial call containing your suffix is not enough certainty, so asking whether you were called avoids answering for another station.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE104": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "In English phone procedure, name the station you are calling first and then identify yourself with 'this is' plus your call sign.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE105": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A clear frequency may still be in use, so asking whether it is occupied before calling CQ reduces accidental interference.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE106": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "On higher HF bands, skip propagation can create a dead zone: you may not hear a nearby station that is nevertheless using the frequency.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE107": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "145.500 MHz is a calling channel; after contact is made, moving by QSY keeps the calling channel available for others.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
|
|
"confidence": 7
|
|
},
|
|
"BE108": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "After your CQ contact ends, the original frequency should not become a queue; arranging QSY keeps the calling or working frequency usable.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE109": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "On 2 m and 70 cm, 'DX' means well beyond normal local range, so local or nearby stations should wait.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE110": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CQ VK/ZL is a directed CQ for Australia and New Zealand prefixes, so a non-VK/ZL station should not answer.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE111": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The Maidenhead locator encodes geographic position into grid fields and squares, giving a compact location reference for radio contacts.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE112": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A CW CQ repeats CQ and the own call sign, uses DE for 'from', and ends with K to invite replies.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE113": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CQ DL is a directed general call for German stations, and PSE K politely invites those stations to answer.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE114": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CQ DX on 20 m asks for distant intercontinental contacts; a European station should not answer a Swiss station's DX call.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE115": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "QRZ? asks 'who is calling me?' and in a pile-up it is also used to invite the next callers.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE116": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "CQ FD and TEST mark contest traffic for Field Day, and /P says the station is operating portable.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE117": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Matching or slowing down to the caller's Morse speed improves copy and avoids forcing the other operator beyond their receive speed.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE118": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Morse should be sent no faster than you can copy and adjusted to slower stations, because reliable exchange matters more than speed.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE201": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "RST is a compact reception report, so it summarizes how well the signal can be read and, where relevant, its strength and tone.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE202": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The letters name the three report dimensions: Readability, Strength, and Tone.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE203": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The RST scale uses R 1-5 for readability, S 1-9 for signal strength, and T 1-9 for tone quality.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE204": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5 and an S-meter reading of 5 gives report 55.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE205": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5 and S9 gives report 59.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE206": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy plus an S9 reading 20 dB over S9 is reported as 59+20 dB.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE207": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5 and the displayed S5 gives report 55.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE208": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5 and the displayed S9 gives report 59.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE209": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy plus a displayed value 20 dB over S9 is reported as 59+20 dB.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE210": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "SSTV sends pictures, so the practical way to report image quality is to include the report text in the transmitted image itself.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE301": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Contests are structured operating exercises: competition pressure improves station setup, operator skill, and operating technique.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BE302": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Contest scoring rewards many valid contacts in limited time, so exchanges are deliberately short and standardized.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE303": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A contest QSO counts only if both stations exchange the data required by that contest's rules.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE304": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "In a Sprint contest, handing over the frequency after each QSO prevents one station from holding the run frequency continuously.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE305": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A pile-up is what happens when many stations call the same desirable station at once.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE306": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "'Only number 3' filters a pile-up by the numeral in the call sign, so only calls with 3 between prefix and suffix should call.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE307": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "List operation uses a strong control station to collect callers and call them in order, reducing chaos around a rare station.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE308": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Split operation separates transmit and receive frequencies, letting a rare station listen where callers transmit while keeping its own transmit frequency clear.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE309": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "'Split up 14270 to 14280' means the station transmits on its announced frequency but listens for callers across that higher range.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE310": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "'5 up' means the wanted station listens 5 kHz above its transmit frequency, so callers must transmit there and listen on the station's frequency.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE311": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "'Tuning 290 to 300 up' gives the listening window by shorthand: transmit between 14290 and 14300 kHz while listening to 14205 kHz.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE312": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A DX-pedition deliberately activates a rare country or island so other amateurs can work a location that is normally hard to hear.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE313": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "ARDF is a direction-finding contest: operators use portable receivers to locate hidden low-power transmitters that transmit briefly.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE401": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A repeater is duplex: users transmit to its input, and the repeater retransmits what it hears on its output.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE402": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "German 2 m repeaters conventionally use a -600 kHz shift, so the input is 600 kHz below the output.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
|
|
"confidence": 7
|
|
},
|
|
"BE403": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "German 70 cm repeaters conventionally use a -7.6 MHz shift, so the input is 7.6 MHz below the output.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VHF_Handbook_V10_02.pdf",
|
|
"confidence": 7
|
|
},
|
|
"BE404": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A short pause before each over leaves a gap for another station to break in without doubling.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE405": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Clear handover tells everyone whose turn it is, which prevents two stations from transmitting at the same time.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE406": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Repeaters are shared resources, and short overs leave access opportunities for mobile and portable users with changing signal conditions.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE407": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Wide FM spills into adjacent repeater inputs and can overdrive a narrow repeater receiver, causing interference or distorted retransmission.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE408": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Over a repeater, your S-meter reads the repeater's downlink, not the other user's uplink, so only readability describes the other user's signal.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE409": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Beacons provide known reference signals; hearing or not hearing them indicates current propagation conditions.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE410": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The International Beacon Project uses fixed beacon slots, so keeping those narrow ranges clear preserves their propagation-monitoring value.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/hf_r1_bandplan.pdf",
|
|
"confidence": 7
|
|
},
|
|
"BE411": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Uplink is the direction from an earth station up to the satellite.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE412": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Downlink is the direction from the satellite down to earth stations.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE413": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Azimuth is the horizontal bearing angle used to point an antenna around the horizon.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE414": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Elevation is the vertical pointing angle above the horizon used to track a satellite.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE415": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "OSCAR expands to Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio, the usual name for amateur-radio satellites.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BE416": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A satellite transponder receives signals on one band, translates them to another frequency range, and retransmits them back toward Earth.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF101": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Outside amateur radio, the internationally recognised distress signals are Mayday for voice and SOS for Morse or signalling.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF102": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "AFuV §16 forbids using the international distress, urgency, and safety signals of maritime and aeronautical mobile services in amateur radio.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
|
|
"confidence": 10
|
|
},
|
|
"BF103": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "If normal communication is unavailable, amateur radio can support emergency assistance by relaying the request to someone who can contact police or rescue services.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BF104": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "The first task is accurate copying: listen and write down facts before transmitting so the emergency information is not lost or distorted.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF105": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "If a rescue organisation has taken the traffic, extra amateur transmissions only risk interference, so the right action is to stay clear.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF106": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "When no one else answers and you can help, acknowledging the distress traffic and alerting official emergency services is the useful relay path.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
|
|
"confidence": 9
|
|
},
|
|
"BF107": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "After relaying a distress message, remaining reachable lets you pass updates until professional help arrives or releases you.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF108": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Germany is UTC+2 during MESZ, so 23:00 UTC is 01:00 MESZ on the following local date.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BF109": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "IARU Region 1 designates these HF centres of activity for emergency communication, so they should be kept clear for that use.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.iaru-r1.org/about-us/committees-and-working-groups/emcomm/emergency-communications-frequencies/",
|
|
"confidence": 7
|
|
},
|
|
"BG101": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A logbook is the station diary: usually voluntary, but it can become mandatory when required for a particular station or case.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG102": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "If log keeping is ordered, a computer log must remain readable for the required period just like a paper log.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG103": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Changing log software must not make ordered log data inaccessible, because the records may need later inspection.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG104": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A QSL card confirms that a QSO took place and can serve as evidence for awards that require worked stations or countries.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG105": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "A useful QSL must identify both stations and the contact: call signs, UTC date/time, band, mode, and signal report are the minimum facts.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG106": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "UTC avoids local time-zone and daylight-saving ambiguity, making it easier for foreign stations to match the card to their log.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG107": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "MEZ is UTC+1, so 15:30 local standard time is 14:30 UTC.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG108": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "MESZ is UTC+2, so 13:30 local daylight-saving time is 11:30 UTC.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG109": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "'QSL via K8PYD' means K8PYD manages cards for HZ1HZ, so sending through that manager is the route to confirmation.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG110": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Direct QSL mailing needs a current address, which is why operators use callbooks or online call-sign information.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
},
|
|
"BG111": {
|
|
"revision": 1,
|
|
"explanation": "Electronic QSL systems and log uploads confirm the same QSO facts without exchanging a physical card.",
|
|
"source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile",
|
|
"confidence": 8
|
|
}
|
|
}
|