diff --git a/explanations.json b/explanations.json
index 6c2bc04..4a49f8e 100644
--- a/explanations.json
+++ b/explanations.json
@@ -9446,1227 +9446,1227 @@
     "confidence": 8
   },
   "VA101": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The international definition is in the ITU Radio Regulations, which define radio services globally before national rules implement them.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkdienst.html#VA101",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The term 'amateur service' is defined internationally in the ITU Radio Regulations (Art. 1, No. 1.56).",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 No. 1.56 (amateur service)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA102": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The ITU definition gives the purpose of amateur radio: self-training, amateur-to-amateur communication and technical investigation. Memorise those three ideas; they explain many later non-commercial and open-traffic rules.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkdienst.html#VA102",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 1.56 gives the amateur service three purposes: self-training, intercommunication (amateur-to-amateur) and technical investigations.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 No. 1.56 (amateur service)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA103": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Adding a satellite changes the path, not the purpose. Amateur-satellite service still serves self-training, intercommunication and technical investigation, just via space stations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkdienst.html#VA103",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 1.57: the amateur-satellite service serves the same purposes as the amateur service, but using space stations.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 No. 1.57 (amateur-satellite service)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA104": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The international rule already contains the amateur identity: authorised person, personal technical interest, no money motive. If an answer sounds commercial or unauthorised, it conflicts with that definition.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funkamateur.html#VA104",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 1.56 describes amateurs as duly authorised persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 No. 1.56 (amateur service)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA201": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "In the RR, a station is the transmitters, receivers and accessories needed at one place to carry out a radiocommunication service.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkstelle.html#VA201",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 1.61: a station is one or more transmitters, receivers or transceivers together with the accessory equipment needed at one location to carry on a radiocommunication service.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 No. 1.61 (station)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA202": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "An amateur station is simply a station in the amateur service, so the service definition determines the station type.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkstelle.html#VA202",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "In the RR an amateur station is simply a station in the amateur service — the service definition (No. 1.56) is what makes it 'amateur'.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 1 (amateur station)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA301": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The Radio Regulations are the global baseline for all radio services. Amateur radio is not outside that system; special amateur rules sit inside the general RR framework.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gesetze_vorschriften.html#VA301",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "The general provisions of the Radio Regulations apply to the amateur service too; Article 25 adds special amateur rules on top of that framework.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 25 (amateur services)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA302": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "International amateur traffic is for amateur-service content and personal remarks. The rule keeps amateur radio from becoming an international message or business service.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkstelle.html#VA302",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 25.2: transmissions between amateur stations of different countries must be limited to communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and to remarks of a personal character. It does not ban emergency-exercise traffic, does not require making the traffic inaccessible to third parties, and is not restricted to purely technical content.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 25 No. 25.2",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA303": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The core idea is transparency: amateur messages are not secret traffic. The narrow exception is control signalling for satellites, where encryption protects the station rather than hiding a private conversation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html#VA303",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 25.2A forbids encoding transmissions to obscure their meaning, with one exception: control signals exchanged between earth command stations and space stations in the amateur-satellite service. It does not cover confidential or personal messages, ordinary digital coding, or 'sensitive technical' content.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 25 No. 25.2A",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA304": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Morse is not globally forced by the RR anymore; each administration decides. For the exam, remember that Germany controls its own certificate requirements here.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_morsetelegrafie.html#VA304",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "RR No. 25.5 leaves it to each administration to determine whether an applicant must demonstrate Morse ability — since WRC-03 there is no global Morse requirement. So it is not tied to power above 100 W or to frequencies below 30 MHz, and the RR does address the topic (so 'no provision' is wrong).",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 25 No. 25.5",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA401": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "ITU regions exist because the same frequency can have different allocations in different parts of the world. Always ask: which region's table applies?",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_itu_regionen.html#VA401",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "RR Article 5 divides the world into regions so that the same band can be allocated to different services in different parts of the world.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 5 (frequency allocations / regions)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA402": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "There are three ITU regions. This is pure table knowledge, but it anchors the later Europe/Americas/Asia-Pacific region questions.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_itu_regionen.html#VA402",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "The ITU Radio Regulations divide the world into three regions for frequency allocation.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 5 Nos. 5.3–5.5",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA403": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Germany follows Region 1. Memory hook: Region 1 is Europe plus Africa and nearby western Asia; German band-plan questions start from that world region.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_itu_regionen.html#VA403",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Germany is in Region 1 (Europe, Africa, the Middle East and northern Asia).",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 5 Nos. 5.3–5.5",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA404": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Canada is Region 2 because Region 2 is the Americas. Memory hook: Region 2 = the western hemisphere.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_itu_regionen.html#VA404",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Canada is in Region 2, the Americas.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 5 Nos. 5.3–5.5",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA405": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Australia is Region 3, the Asia-Pacific region. Memory hook: after Europe/Africa = 1 and Americas = 2, Australia lands in the remaining Asia-Pacific bucket.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_itu_regionen.html#VA405",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Australia is in Region 3, the Asia-Pacific region.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 5 Nos. 5.3–5.5",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA406": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Call-sign prefixes are not chosen casually by countries; they come from internationally allocated series. That is why a prefix can identify the country or administration behind a station.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenaufbau.html#VA406",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Call-sign prefix series are allocated internationally in the ITU Radio Regulations (Art. 19, Appendix 42), which is why a prefix identifies the country.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Art. 19 (Appendix 42, international call-sign series)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VA407": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The Q code meanings are an ITU operating-code item, so the RR is the authoritative international reference.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_q_schluessel.html#VA407",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The internationally binding meanings of the Q-code (QRA–QUZ) are laid down in the ITU Radio Regulations.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations (Q-code, operating abbreviations)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB101": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The CEPT Novice certificate is proof of a recognised novice-level exam. It is mainly a portability document: it helps another administration map your German class E knowledge to its novice rules.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB101",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The CEPT-Novice examination certificate is the novice counterpart of HAREC (ERC Report 32): it documents a passed novice-level exam and so can simplify getting a corresponding novice individual licence in another country. It is not itself the temporary-operation permit (that is the CEPT-Novice licence under ECC/REC (05)06, based on T/R 61-01 for full licences), and it does not mean novices can never operate abroad.",
+    "source": "CEPT ERC Report 32 (Novice HAREC); ECC/REC (05)06",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB102": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "HAREC is not the radio licence itself; it is the harmonised proof that you passed the full CEPT-level exam. German class A corresponds to that level.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB102",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "HAREC (Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate) is the harmonised exam certificate under CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02; the German class-A certificate meets it. It is not the operating licence T/R 61-01, and it is not the novice-level ERC Report 32 / ECC (05)06 instrument (which corresponds to class E).",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02 (HAREC)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB103": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Use this memory model: HAREC proves exam level, the country issues the actual licence. It lets participating administrations recognise your class-A-level qualification.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB103",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "A HAREC certifies a passed class-A-level exam under T/R 61-02, on the strength of which an amateur can obtain a licence in the participating countries (mutual recognition of examinations). It is not the T/R 61-01 temporary-operation permit, not a class-E/ECC (05)06 certificate, and not a Morse-test certificate.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02 (HAREC)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB104": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Separate the CEPT documents by job: T/R 61-01 = temporary visitor operation, T/R 61-02/HAREC = full exam proof, ERC Report 32 = novice exam topics, ECC (05)06 = novice visitor operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB104",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "T/R 61-01, T/R 61-02, ERC Report 32 and ECC/REC (05)06 together underpin temporary amateur operation abroad and the mutual recognition of amateur certificates in the countries that implement them. They do not harmonise national frequency allocations, do not grant worldwide recognition, and are not about the cross-border trade in equipment.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendations T/R 61-01, T/R 61-02, ERC Report 32, ECC/REC (05)06",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB105": {
-    "revision": 4,
-    "explanation": "Class N is national-only for this purpose. Memory hook: A travels with full CEPT, E can use CEPT Novice where implemented, N has no automatic CEPT travel privilege.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB105",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "The German class N is a purely national entry-level admission — it is not covered by any CEPT recommendation, so it is valid only in Germany. It is not EU-wide, and there is no CEPT home-country or guest-country operating right attached to it (that requires at least the CEPT-Novice or full CEPT licence).",
+    "source": "CEPT ECC/REC (05)06; T/R 61-01 (class N not included)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB106": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "CEPT Novice is not worldwide permission. It works only where the visited country implemented ECC (05)06, and only for temporary non-resident operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB106",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "A CEPT-Novice licence (ECC/REC (05)06) allows temporary operation only in countries that have implemented that recommendation, and only where the amateur has no permanent residence. Not every CEPT member applies it, it is not limited to EU states, and abroad one follows the guest country's rules, not the home country's.",
+    "source": "CEPT ECC/REC (05)06 (CEPT Novice Licence)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB107": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Class A visitor operation relies on T/R 61-01. Memorise the two limits: the visited country must implement it, and the stay must be temporary rather than residence.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB107",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "A German class-A holder may operate under T/R 61-01 only in countries that have implemented that recommendation, and only where he has no permanent residence there. It is not automatically all CEPT members, and it is not limited to EU states.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 (CEPT Radio Amateur Licence)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB108": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "CEPT documents can be accepted beyond CEPT countries if the country explicitly implements or recognises them. The deciding factor is the host country's acceptance, not geography alone.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB108",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Yes — several non-CEPT countries also apply T/R 61-01 / ECC (05)06, and where a country does apply the recommendation a German class A or E holder may operate there under it. It is not a worldwide ITU right, and it is not confined to CEPT members.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 (list of participating non-CEPT countries)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB109": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "CEPT guest operation is for visits, not moving your licence abroad. The exam number to remember is up to three months for the normal temporary-stay case.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB109",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Under the CEPT arrangement temporary operation abroad is allowed for up to three months per stay (matching AFuG §4(3) for foreign amateurs visiting Germany). It is not 6, 9 or 12 months.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01; AFuG §4(3)",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB110": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "In Germany, the prefix tells which CEPT route the visitor uses. Full CEPT visitors put DL/ before the home call; CEPT Novice visitors put DO/ before it.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB110",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "A visiting CEPT amateur operating in Germany prefixes his home call sign with the German prefix according to his class: DL/ for a full (HAREC/class A) licence, DO/ for a novice — e.g. DL/G3XYZ. The prefix goes in front (not appended), and DE/ or DP/ are not the visitor prefixes.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 (call-sign identification); BNetzA Rufzeichenplan",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB111": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Do not carry German bands and power limits in your suitcase. CEPT gives a visitor shortcut, but the host country's implemented limits control actual operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB111",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Operating abroad, you must observe both the applicable CEPT recommendation and the guest country's rules and conditions — for instance adapting to the guest country's power limits. You do not simply carry over the home country's conditions, and the requirement is not restricted to permanent stays or to non-EU countries.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VB112": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The 6 m trap is about host-country control. Even with a German licence, you may use 50 MHz abroad only if the visited country's CEPT implementation and national allocation allow it.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB112",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Abroad, 6 m operation is governed by the guest country's rules within the scope of your CEPT licence — 6 m allocations and conditions differ from country to country. It is not read off your German admission document, it needs no separate application in the guest country under CEPT, and it is not generally forbidden abroad.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB113": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "If the country has not implemented the CEPT route, there is no automatic shortcut. Then you need that country's own guest authorisation before transmitting.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB113",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "To operate in a country that does not apply the CEPT recommendation, you must apply to that country's competent authority for a guest licence (Gastzulassung). The BNetzA cannot authorise operation in another country, and neither an IARU recommendation nor an assumed reciprocity relieves you of that.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 (non-participating countries)",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VB114": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "CEPT visitor operation follows the individual operator, not a German club station as an institution. Moving club-station operation abroad needs separate permission.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html#VB114",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The CEPT temporary-operation arrangement (T/R 61-01) covers the personal licence, not club stations — so operating a German club station abroad requires applying for a guest licence in the host country. It is not made lawful by keeping the club station non-fixed or by notifying the BNetzA, and other CEPT countries do have club stations.",
+    "source": "CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 (individual licences only)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VC101": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The AFuG is the German statutory basis for who may participate in the amateur service and under what conditions.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gesetze_vorschriften.html#VC101",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "The AFuG (Gesetz über den Amateurfunk) is the Act governing the requirements and conditions for taking part in the amateur service (§1).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC102": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG §2 defines amateur radio as amateur-to-amateur communication plus experimentation, self-training, international understanding and support of relief actions.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkdienst.html#VC102",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §2 No. 2 defines the amateur service as carried on by amateurs among themselves for experimental and technical-scientific study, self-training, international goodwill and support of relief operations in emergencies and disasters — a hobby pursued from personal inclination, not from commercial-economic interest.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC103": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG §2 defines an amateur station by its transmitters, receivers, antennas and required accessories, capable of operating on amateur frequencies.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkstelle.html#VC103",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §2 No. 3: an amateur station is one or more transmitters and receivers including antennas and the accessories needed to operate them, able to work on at least one frequency designated for the amateur service. The traps alter the substance — it is 'at least one' frequency, not three, and there is no above/below-30 MHz condition; and the station must be able to transmit, so a receive-only description fails.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC104": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG assigns the law's administrative tasks to the Bundesnetzagentur.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gesetze_vorschriften.html#VC104",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §10 assigns the tasks and powers under the AFuG and AFuV to the Bundesnetzagentur.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__10.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC105": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG §2 defines a radio amateur as the holder of an amateur certificate or harmonised examination certificate.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funkamateur.html#VC105",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §2 No. 1: a Funkamateur is the holder of an amateur-radio certificate (Amateurfunkzeugnis) or a harmonised examination certificate — that proof of professional knowledge is the defining document.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC106": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Think two steps: the exam proves knowledge, but the admission plus person-bound call sign is the legal permission to transmit. Certificate alone is not an on-air licence.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_zulassung.html#VC106",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Two distinct steps: passing the exam proves your knowledge, but §3(3) AFuG lets a station be operated only after admission to the amateur service (Zulassung) together with the assignment of a call sign. The certificate alone is not permission to transmit. The other options describe the site-certificate / EMF procedure of §7 — calculation records, an EMF certificate, antenna-installation proof — which are separate obligations, not the prerequisite the question asks for.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__3.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC107": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The admission follows the named person, not the radio equipment. If someone else transmits, they need their own authorisation rather than borrowing yours.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_persoenliche_rufzeichen.html#VC107",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The admission is bound to the person named on the certificate and is not transferable — §5(1) AFuG lets an amateur use only a call sign assigned to him. If someone else wants to transmit they need their own admission and call sign; you cannot lend yours to a household member, to another licensed amateur, or to a visiting foreign amateur.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC108": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "German amateur radio sets no minimum age: the law admits any natural person resident in Germany to the exam on application, so children can qualify once they pass.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_zulassung.html#VC108",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuG sets no minimum age. §4(2) admits every natural person resident in Germany to the exam on application, and the licence follows from passing — so a child who passes qualifies. The specific ages in the other answers (15, 16, or majority for class A) are invented; the Act names none.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__4.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC109": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG permits amateurs with assigned call signs to operate commercial, home-built or modified transmitters on amateur frequencies.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VC109",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§5(2) AFuG gives amateurs the right to operate commercially-available, self-built, or converted transmitters on amateur frequencies — a deliberate exception from the normal conformity-assessment regime. The distractors overreach the other way: a site certificate can still be required (§7(3)), electrical-safety rules still apply, and relaying non-amateur third-party traffic stays forbidden (§5(5)) — none of those is a right the law grants.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC110": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG rights attach to frequencies designated for the amateur service; transmitting outside those allocations is not covered.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenzzuteilung.html#VC110",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "§5(3) AFuG limits transmission to the frequencies designated for the amateur service (those of §3(5)). It is that designation — not your ITU region, not freedom from interference, not an emergency-drill pretext — that fixes where you may transmit; the Act grants no licence to use non-amateur frequencies under any of those rationales.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC111": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Amateur radio is not a public messaging service. The normal rule is amateur station to amateur station; emergency and disaster help is the narrow exception.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_nur_mit_afu_stellen.html#VC111",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§5(5) sentence 1 AFuG: an amateur may conduct radio traffic only with other amateur stations. Amateur radio is not a gateway into other services, so working BOS (public-safety), aeronautical or maritime stations is not permitted — the sole statutory exception (emergency/disaster third-party traffic) concerns messages, not routinely contacting those other services.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC112": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Third-party traffic is normally forbidden because amateur radio is for the amateur service, not carrying other people's messages. Memorise the exception: Not/Katastrophe turns the station into emergency support.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_nur_mit_afu_stellen.html#VC112",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§5(5) AFuG forbids relaying non-amateur messages for and to third parties, with one exception in sentence 3: emergencies and disasters (Not- und Katastrophenfälle). So it is neither 'never' nor 'always' nor conditional on a BNetzA request — the trigger is a genuine emergency.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC113": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The law defines the amateur by personal interest in radio technique, not business interest. If the purpose is making money or serving a business, it stops fitting the amateur-service idea.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funkamateur.html#VC113",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §2 No. 1 defines the amateur as pursuing the service from personal inclination and not from commercial-economic interest — that specific negation completes the sentence. The trap names technical-scientific interest, which is actually a positive purpose of the amateur service under §2 No. 2, not the thing the definition excludes; political, social or cultural interest are simply not the statutory contrast either.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC114": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Same memory hook as VC113: amateur radio is personal, experimental and non-commercial. A station may support hobby learning and emergency help, not commercial operations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gewerblich.html#VC114",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§5(4) No. 1 AFuG: an amateur station may not be operated for commercial-economic purposes — with no notification or BNetzA permission that unlocks commercial use. The hobby is non-commercial by definition, so every option offering a route to commercial operation is wrong.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC115": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Business provision of telecommunications services is outside the amateur service and is expressly not an amateur-station purpose.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gewerblich.html#VC115",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "§5(4) No. 2 AFuG bars operating the station for the commercial provision of telecommunications services. The other three purposes — studying atmospheric propagation, communicating with space stations, experimental study — are all legitimate amateur-service activities under §2, so the commercial-telecom purpose is the only forbidden one listed.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC116": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Your person-bound call sign is your legal on-air identity. Using someone else's person-bound call would hide who is actually responsible, so only your assigned call sign is allowed.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenaufbau.html#VC116",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§5(1) AFuG: an amateur may use only a call sign assigned to him personally by the BNetzA. The call sign is your accountable on-air identity, so arbitrary calls, a club-issued call, or borrowing the owner's personal call when using someone else's station are all excluded.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC117": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG allows call signs to be changed for important reasons, especially when international requirements change.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_persoenliche_rufzeichen.html#VC117",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "§3(4) AFuG lets the BNetzA change an assigned call sign for important reasons, in particular when international requirements change. A call sign is not the amateur's property and is not automatically reissued on a house move or on a change to the BEMFV notification — those options invent triggers the Act does not provide.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__3.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC118": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG requires amateur stations to meet EMC protection requirements so their operation remains compatible with other equipment.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_elektromagnetische_vertraeglichkeit.html#VC118",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§7(1) AFuG requires the amateur to meet the protection requirements for electromagnetic compatibility under the EMVG (the basic requirements of §4(1) No. 1 of that Act). No BNetzA compatibility certificate, type-approval-only equipment, or master-electrician inspection is demanded — those are fabricated obligations.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__7.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC119": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG lets amateurs deviate from EMVG immunity requirements for their own station, meaning they choose their own station's immunity level.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_elektromagnetische_vertraeglichkeit.html#VC119",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§7(2) AFuG lets the amateur deviate from the EMVG's basic immunity (Störfestigkeit) requirements and choose the immunity level of his own station. The catch in the wrong 'must accept interference' option: the law only makes the amateur tolerate interference from other equipment that itself meets the basic requirements — not from equipment that fails them. No two-yearly BNetzA immunity test exists.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__7.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC120": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "For self-built amateur equipment, AFuG allows the amateur to determine the station's immunity level instead of meeting ordinary EMVG immunity requirements.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_elektromagnetische_vertraeglichkeit.html#VC120",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Same rule as VC119 applied to home-built gear: under §7(2) AFuG the amateur may set the immunity level of his own equipment himself rather than being bound to the EMVG basic immunity requirements — and not merely 'in the direction of improvement'. Self-built sets are not held to the immunity level of commercial equipment.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__7.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC121": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG provides that BNetzA issues a site certificate on request; this is separate from the amateur-station display procedure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_standortbescheinigung.html#VC121",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§7(3) AFuG: the BNetzA issues a site certificate (Standortbescheinigung) on request. It is applied for, not handed out automatically with the call sign, and it is not a self-generated 'Watt-Wächter' output — that BNetzA tool helps with the EMF self-declaration but is not the certificate itself.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__7.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC122": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG and AFuV enforcement powers allow BNetzA to restrict operation or order an amateur station taken out of service after violations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_verstoesse_und_folgen.html#VC122",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§11(1) AFuG: on violations of the AFuG or AFuV the BNetzA may restrict operation or order the station taken out of service. Its power stops there — it does not order an on-site teardown, remove parts to disable the set, or impose a paid re-examination; those go beyond the statutory measures.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__11.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC123": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Persistent violations can lead to revocation because the admission and call-sign assignment are administrative permissions tied to lawful operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_verstoesse_und_folgen.html#VC123",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "§3(4) AFuG: for continued (fortgesetzt) violations of the Act or its ordinance the BNetzA may revoke the admission to the amateur service together with the assigned call signs. It is the admission that is revoked, not the exam certificate — the Amateurfunkzeugnis, once earned, is not withdrawn, and there is no re-examination or training-ban remedy here.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__3.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC124": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuG treats operating without admission/call sign, commercial telecom service, and unauthorised third-party message relay as fineable offences.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_verstoesse_und_folgen.html#VC124",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §9(1) lists exactly three fineable offences, and they are the trio of operating a station without admission and call sign (§3(3)), commercially providing telecommunications services (§5(4) No. 2), and relaying non-amateur messages to third parties (§5(5) sentence 2). The §5(4) No. 2 case carries up to €10 000, the other two up to €5 000 (§9(2)). Every other option lists acts that are indeed prohibited — exceeding power or bandwidth limits, callsign-usage rules, remote-station notification, encryption to obscure content — but these are set by the AFuV, not made Ordnungswidrigkeiten by §9 AFuG, so they are not what this question asks for.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__9.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VC125": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "An unlawful station operation can be pursued by BNetzA as an administrative offence with a monetary fine.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_verstoesse_und_folgen.html#VC125",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "§9 AFuG makes unlawfully operating a station an Ordnungswidrigkeit the BNetzA can punish with a fine (up to €5 000, or €10 000 for the commercial-telecom case). It is a fine — not confiscation of the set or a paid re-examination; and revocation under §3(4) targets the admission, not the exam certificate, so withdrawing the Amateurfunkzeugnis is wrong too.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__9.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD101": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §1 points to Anlage 1 for the usable frequency ranges and technical operating conditions by class.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenzzuteilung.html#VD101",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The per-class frequency ranges and their technical/operating conditions are in Anlage 1 of the AFuV (plus any BNetzA notices).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD102": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The licence gate is for transmitting, not listening. Receiving amateur transmissions is allowed without admission; putting RF on the air is the regulated act.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_erste_schritte.html#VD102",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §9(5): no admission to the amateur service is required merely to receive amateur transmissions — the licence gate is on transmitting, not listening. There is no obligation to use TKG-approved receivers, to hold a 'DE' listener call sign, or to be a recognised SWL in a club; those are voluntary or invented.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD103": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Amateur traffic must be publicly understandable so others and the regulator can monitor what is happening. Encryption whose purpose is hiding the content breaks that open-language rule.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_offene_sprache.html#VD103",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(7)–(8): traffic must be in plain (open) language, and encoding/encrypting it to obscure the content is forbidden — that is the one disallowed item. The others are all open language: Q-codes and standard abbreviations are declared open by §16(7); digital modes that need a decoder are fine as long as the content is recoverable with generally available means (§16(8)); Morse and RTTY are classic open modes.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD104": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The encryption exception is about controlling equipment, not private conversations. Memorise it as: hidden control bits may be okay; hidden message content is not.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html#VD104",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(8) allows coded/encrypted transmissions only for control signals — for satellite earth/space stations and for remote-controlled or automatically operating stations (including Remote operation). It is an exception for machine control, not for private, confidential, or 'sensitive technical' message content, and digital coding for its own sake is not 'concealment' at all.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD105": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "MAYDAY/PAN PAN/SECURITE belong to maritime and aeronautical safety systems. Amateur stations must not imitate those signals because false or casual use would weaken real emergency procedures.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_notfunk.html#VD105",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(9) expressly forbids amateurs from using the international distress, urgency and safety signals of the maritime and aeronautical mobile services (MAYDAY/PAN PAN/SÉCURITÉ). The ban is absolute — not lifted near the coast, on HF, or even in a real emergency, where an amateur uses amateur emergency procedures instead of impersonating those services' signals.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD106": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV requires amateur stations to be installed and maintained according to generally recognised technical rules.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_aufbau_sender.html#VD106",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(1): the station must be set up and maintained according to the generally recognised rules of engineering (allgemein anerkannte Regeln der Technik). A CE mark is not required (self-built and converted sets are expressly permitted by AFuG §5(2)), and there is no rule mandating coaxial feed or a design that physically caps power to the licensed level.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD107": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV lets BNetzA demand technical documents and an antenna layout sketch for a transmitting station.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VD107",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(5): technical documents on the transmitter (and a sketch of the antenna layout) must be submitted when the BNetzA asks for them. It is on request only — not at every modification, not automatically after admission, and not tied to a 750 W threshold.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD108": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "BNetzA can ask for written operating records when it needs evidence, especially for interference or frequency-use questions. The point is traceability, not routine diary keeping.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_logbuch.html#VD108",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §17(1): the BNetzA may require written operating records to trace and investigate interference causes or to clarify frequency-technical questions. It is not a tool to police the operator's qualification or the content of transmissions, nor a proof of BImSchG limits or a basis for billing.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__17.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD109": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A logbook is useful, but the exam rule is narrower: written operating records become mandatory when BNetzA demands them. Memorise: no general logbook duty, but comply on request.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_logbuch.html#VD109",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §17(1): there is no general duty to keep a logbook in Germany; written operating records become mandatory only when the BNetzA demands them. So it is not triggered by working HF, by international contacts, or by being newly licensed.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__17.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD110": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV requires unwanted emissions to be reduced to the lowest practicable level.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_unerwuenschte_aussendungen_1.html#VD110",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(4): unwanted emissions must be kept to the lowest possible level (geringstmögliches Maß). Some unwanted output is physically unavoidable, so an outright ban is wrong; and the regulation states no fixed 40 dB / 60 dB suppression figure relative to the wanted signal — those numbers are invented.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD111": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "During adjustment and measurement, AFuV requires effective measures to prevent free radiation of test signals.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_dummy_load_1.html#VD111",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(6): during alignment work and measurements on transmitters, suitable measures must be taken to effectively prevent signals radiating freely — in practice a dummy load. Keeping the case closed, a firmly connected antenna cable, or halving the power do not achieve that and are not the rule.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD112": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "A carrier is normally not a valid transmission by itself, but a short unmodulated carrier can be necessary for tuning.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_dummy_load_1.html#VD112",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(9) forbids continuous carriers (Dauerträger); a short unmodulated/unkeyed carrier is not a Dauerträger and is acceptable for a brief purpose such as tuning. The permission comes from the transmission being short, not from it being digital, from poor propagation, or from dropping below 1 W.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD113": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV requires name or address changes to be reported to BNetzA without undue delay.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anschrift.html#VD113",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §9(4): a change of name or address must be notified to the BNetzA without undue delay (unverzüglich) — and this holds even if you own or operate no station, because the notification duty attaches to the admission, not to a station. Fixed windows like 'before the change', 'within 4 weeks' or '14 days prior' are not the rule.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD114": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §15 defines the call-sign list content: name, call sign and address unless publication of the address is opposed.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anschrift.html#VD114",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §15(2) lists what the public call-sign list contains: call sign, class and purpose, the holder's name and address, and the station location; §15(4) lets the holder object, and objecting suppresses the address. So the entry is name, call sign and — unless opposed — the address; e-mail, phone number and date of birth are never part of it.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__15.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD115": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "No BNetzA special permission is needed merely because the amateur station is operated in a watercraft or aircraft; other operator/vehicle permissions still matter.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenzusaetze.html#VD115",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "No BNetzA special permission is needed just because the station is operated aboard a watercraft or aircraft — the AFuG/AFuV framework (AFuG §6 No. 3 contemplates such operation) imposes none. It does not depend on holding a maritime/aeronautical certificate or on a 10 W threshold; separately, you still need the vehicle commander's consent and must not disturb the vehicle's own radio.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__6.html",
     "confidence": 8
   },
   "VD116": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §16 allows BNetzA to grant temporary exceptions for special experimental and technical-scientific studies.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_experimentelle_studien.html#VD116",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §16(2) sentence 2: the BNetzA may grant time-limited exceptions from the technical/operating conditions only for special experimental and technical-scientific studies with an amateur station. Emergency-traffic drills, alignment work without a dummy load, or using bands not designated for the amateur service are not grounds for such an exception.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__16.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD117": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §2 defines a club station as a station used by at least three members of a group under a jointly used call sign.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD117",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §2 No. 3: a club station is an amateur station operated by at least three admitted amateurs under a jointly used (shared) call sign.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD118": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §2 defines a repeater as a remote or automatic amateur station that re-transmits or forwards received or stored content.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_relaisfunkstellen.html#VD118",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §2 No. 5: a repeater (Relaisfunkstelle) is a remote-controlled or automatically operating amateur station (also in satellites) that re-transmits or forwards received amateur emissions, parts of them, or other fed-in/stored content. The key is that it is unattended/remote — the distractor calling it 'permanently attended' contradicts the definition, and it is not tied to a personal call sign or an exposed site.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD119": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §2 defines a beacon as an automatic amateur transmitting station that repeatedly emits signals for field-strength observations or reception tests.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_baken.html#VD119",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §2 No. 6: a beacon (Funkbake) is an automatically operating amateur transmitter (also in satellites) that emits regular signals for field-strength observation or reception tests.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD201": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §10 requires BNetzA to publish a German amateur call-sign plan that defines the call-sign formation rules.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenaufbau.html#VD201",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The rules for forming amateur call signs are set out in the BNetzA call-sign plan (Rufzeichenplan), published under AFuV §10(3).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD202": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §10 lists person-bound call signs and further call signs for training, remote/automatic stations and club stations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenaufbau.html#VD202",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §10 provides for a person-bound call sign (para 1) plus, on request, further call signs for training operation, for remote-controlled/automatic stations, and for club stations (para 2). So the real categories are person-bound, remote/automatic-station and club-station calls; 'family', 'contest' and 'mobile' call signs are not call-sign types the plan knows.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD203": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The German call-sign plan uses a two-letter German prefix, one digit and usually a two- or three-letter suffix for person-bound call signs.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenaufbau.html#VD203",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "By the BNetzA call-sign plan a person-bound German call sign is a two-letter prefix (the German country identifier, DA–DR), one digit, and a two- or three-letter suffix — e.g. DL1ABC. The distractors scramble this: the country identifier is the prefix not the suffix, there is a single digit not two, and the prefix is two letters not one.",
+    "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Fachthemen/Telekommunikation/Frequenzen/SpezielleAnwendungen/Amateurfunk/DL_Vfg_AFu/Rufzeichenplan_10_24_Auszug_aus_Vfg_15_2025.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD204": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The call-sign plan permits special-event suffixes up to seven characters, including digits, provided the suffix ends with a letter.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_besondere_anlaesse.html#VD204",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The BNetzA call-sign plan allows, for special general occasions, suffixes of up to seven characters that may contain digits and must end in a letter — DL250BTHVN (a 2020 Beethoven-250 special call) fits exactly that rule. It is not a reward for merit, not reserved for public/cultural bodies with a digit minimum, and not a one-off special order — it is the ordinary special-event provision of the plan.",
+    "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Fachthemen/Telekommunikation/Frequenzen/SpezielleAnwendungen/Amateurfunk/DL_Vfg_AFu/Rufzeichenplan_10_24_Auszug_aus_Vfg_15_2025.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD205": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The call sign is the station's accountability marker. Use the simple rhythm: identify at start, at end, and at least every 10 minutes while the contact continues.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichen.html#VD205",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §11(1): the call sign must be sent at the start and end of every contact and at least every ten minutes during it. The '10-minute' figure is the one to remember — it is not merely on another station's request, not every 15 minutes, and not '5 minutes after a continuous transmission'.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD206": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "BNetzA's call-sign-use rule points to the international spelling alphabet in RR Appendix 14 for identifying call signs.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_buchstabiertafel.html#VD206",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BNetzA Vfg 13/2005 prescribes the international phonetic (spelling) alphabet of the Radio Regulations, Appendix 14 (Alfa, Bravo, Charlie …) for identifying call signs. A '1992 European' alphabet and the '1932 Madrid English' alphabet are invented, and the German DIN 5009 alphabet is a domestic standard, not the one required on the air.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations, Appendix 14 (international phonetic alphabet); BNetzA Vfg 13/2005",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD207": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The amateur call sign is the on-air identifier; it tells listeners which amateur station is transmitting.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichen.html#VD207",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §11(1): call signs serve identification, so an amateur station is recognised on the air by its call sign. The frequency band, the mode of transmission and the modulation are shared by countless stations and identify none of them individually.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__11.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD208": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §10 says there is no entitlement to a specific call sign.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_persoenliche_rufzeichen.html#VD208",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §10(1): there is no entitlement to a particular call sign — the BNetzA assigns them and a relinquished call is only re-issued to someone else after at least a year. Being free, a personal preference, or having held it before does not create a claim to a specific call sign.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__10.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD301": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Training operation exists so learners can get real operating practice before their own certificate. It is not a separate hobby privilege; it is exam preparation under a licensed trainer.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsrufzeichen.html#VD301",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(1): training operation (Ausbildungsfunkbetrieb) serves practical preparation for sitting the amateur-radio exam. It is not a mere demonstration, not unsupervised on-air participation, and not Morse practice for an already-licensed amateur — it is supervised hands-on practice for a candidate.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD302": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §12 permits training operation only for admitted class A or E amateurs.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsrufzeichen.html#VD302",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(1): admitted amateurs holding class A or E may conduct training operation, at their own class's privilege level. It is not restricted to class A, needs no one-year seniority, and — since 2024 — needs no separate training call sign (the old DN training calls are being phased out); the trainer uses their own call with the /Trainee suffix.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD303": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A trainee may touch the microphone/key only because an authorised A or E amateur is directly instructing and supervising. Responsibility stays with the licensed trainer.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsfunk.html#VD303",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(2): non-amateurs may take part in the amateur service only under the direct instruction and supervision of an admitted class A or E amateur, whose call sign is used. It is not limited to club stations, not a free-for-all on weekends, and never permitted without the trainer's guidance and supervision — responsibility stays with the licensed trainer.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD304": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Training does not create extra bands or power. The trainee operates inside the instructor's permission envelope, so memorise: trainer's class sets the limit.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsrufzeichen.html#VD304",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(1) sentence 3: training operation may only be carried out within the privilege scope (Berechtigungsumfang) of the trainer's call-sign assignment. Training creates no extra bands, no special 10 W limit, and no club-station-only restriction — the trainer's class sets the ceiling.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD305": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §12 requires the instructor to provide BNetzA information about the type and extent of training operation on request.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsrufzeichen.html#VD305",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(4): on the BNetzA's request the trainer must give information about the type and extent of the training operation. There is no rule barring contests during training, confining it to a club/school station, or limiting it to voice (SSB/FM) — those are invented constraints.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD306": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The /T or /Trainee suffix tells listeners that the person operating is a trainee under supervision. It marks the trainee's transmission, not the instructor's ordinary operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausbildungsfunk.html#VD306",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §12(3) with §11(5): during training operation it is the trainee who transmits under the trainer's call sign with the /T (telegraphy/digital) or /Trainee (voice) suffix, marking that a supervised learner is on the key/microphone. The trainer's own ordinary operation carries no such suffix.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__12.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD401": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A club call sign still needs one accountable licensed person. The group leader names that responsible amateur so BNetzA knows who stands behind the station.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD401",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §14(1): a club-station call sign is assigned to an admitted amateur who has been named as the person responsible for the club station by the leader of a group of amateurs (§2 No. 3). The trigger is that nomination — not holding the highest class, not two years' seniority, and the group's leader need not personally be the responsible amateur.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__14.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD402": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §14 allows a club-station call sign only to a radio amateur already admitted to participate in the amateur service.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD402",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §14(1) refers back to AFuG §3(1): the responsible amateur must himself hold an admission to the amateur service (Zulassung) — an exam certificate alone (HAREC/Amateurfunkzeugnis) is not enough, and there is no requirement to run an automatic station or to hold the highest class.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__14.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD403": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuG §3 allows further call signs, including club-station call signs, only after the amateur has an admission and the additional assignment.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD403",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuG §3(3) No. 4: a club station may be operated only after the amateur himself has an admission to the amateur service and a club-station call sign has been assigned. It is not a matter of waiting three months after the exam, of a harmonised certificate alone, or of a BNetzA site inspection.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__3.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD404": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A club call sign is shared identification, not a licence substitute. To transmit with it, the operator still needs their own admission to the amateur service.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD404",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "To co-use a club-station call sign an amateur must hold an admission to the amateur service (Zulassung) — that is the gate, not membership of the operating group (non-members may operate too), not a certificate matching the club's exact class, and not the highest class. Under AFuV §14(4) class E and N holders co-use within their own privilege scope.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__14.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD405": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV permits admitted radio amateurs to operate at a club station even if they are not members of the group.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD405",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "The AFuV ties club-station operation to the responsible amateur's accountability and to the operator holding a valid admission, not to membership of the operating group — so an admitted non-member may operate the club station too. It need not be in a member's presence, and no advance notice to the BNetzA is required.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__14.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD406": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A club-station call cannot upgrade the operator. If the operator's class and club call's class differ, use the lower privilege set: lowest class wins.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD406",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "You are limited by both ceilings at once: your own admission's privilege scope (AFuV §9(2)) and the club station's assigned scope. Whichever is lower governs — so with mismatched classes you may use only the frequencies and powers of the lower of the two classes, never the higher.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__14.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD407": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 lists 7.000-7.200 MHz only in the class A column. A class A club-station call sign does not expand the operator's own licence privileges, so only class A operators may use 40 m there.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD407",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Even at a class-A club station, each operator is still capped by their own class. The 40 m band (7 MHz) is a class-A-only allocation in AFuV Anlage 1 (the E and N columns are blank), so only holders of a class-A admission may work 40 m there; class E and N operators have no 40 m privilege to exercise.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD408": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV does not require reporting short-term location changes of a club station, unlike permanent relevant assignment data changes.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_klubstationen.html#VD408",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §9(4) requires notifying only the permanent relocation (or new establishment) of a fixed station — short-term/temporary location changes of a club station need not be reported. So relocations are not forbidden, and it is not true that no permanent change ever needs reporting.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__9.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD501": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Repeaters and beacons transmit without a normal operator sitting at the controls, so they need their own separate call-sign assignment. Memorise: automatic station, separate call.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernbediente_automatische_stationen.html#VD501",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13(1): running a station as a repeater or beacon needs a separate call-sign assignment for a remote-controlled or automatically operating station (AFuG §3(3) No. 3). It is not simply a matter of holding the highest class, of two years' seniority, or of no special conditions at all.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD502": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "A repeater may be operated only under its own assigned call sign and the site and operating conditions stated in that assignment.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernbediente_automatische_stationen.html#VD502",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13(1),(3): an amateur may run a repeater only if he holds the call-sign assignment for it and observes the framework conditions fixed in that assignment (site, frequency, power, conditions). Limited range, collecting 20 signatures, or being able to self-maintain the equipment are not the legal conditions.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD503": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "For repeaters above 30 MHz, the exam wants the table value: 50 W ERP. Treat it as a fixed repeater limit, separate from ordinary personal-station power limits.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_relaisfunkstellen.html#VD503",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 (1): the maximum radiated power for remote-controlled or automatically operating terrestrial stations above 30 MHz is 50 W ERP (Remote operation excepted). The 750/75/10 W PEP figures are the per-class limits for ordinary personal stations, not for automatic stations; 100 W PEP and 150 W ERP are not the rule.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD504": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The responsible operator may exclude a user when that is necessary to keep the repeater operating without interference.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_relaisfunkstellen.html#VD504",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13(4): the responsible call-sign holder of a remote station may exclude a particular amateur from using it only to ensure interference-free operation of the station. Excluding someone for using it too often, for not paying a fee, or for being under a certain age is not a ground the regulation provides.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD601": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Remote operation means the station is fixed and unattended locally, but the operator controls it from elsewhere, often over the internet. The key idea is distance plus ongoing control.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD601",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §2 No. 6a defines Remote operation as the unattended, remote control of a fixed amateur station under the operator's uninterrupted, indirect and complete control — e.g. operating a distant station over the internet. It is not about DX distance, not local control from an adjacent computer, and not a multi-operator contest arrangement.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD602": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §13a links remote operation to a BNetzA notification by the remote-station operator.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD602",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(3) with §9(4): yes, an operating notification is required — filed by the operator (Betreiber) of the remote station, who provides contact data for interference cases. The individual user does not file it, and it is not exempt from notification.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD603": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §13a restricts remote operation to holders of class A privileges.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD603",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(1): remote operation of a station is permitted only to holders of an admission with the privilege scope of class A. Class E and N holders are excluded, and there is no one-year-seniority route.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD604": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §13a allows class A club stations to be used for remote operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD604",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(1),(2): because remote operation requires class A, only a class-A station qualifies — including a class-A club station. Class E stations, and class N or E personal stations, cannot be used as a remote station.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD605": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Remote is not unattended free-running operation. The operator must still be able to control and stop the station indirectly, so operational safety remains their responsibility.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD605",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §2 No. 6a / §13a: the operator must ensure the remote station stays under his (uninterrupted, indirect and complete) control. Barring self-built components, an uninterruptible power supply, or keeping a technical usage log are not the safety requirement the regulation sets.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD606": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "A remote station is powerful because anyone with access could transmit from it. The operator must gate access so only authorised amateurs can use it, preventing anonymous or abusive operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD606",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(5): the operator must ensure by state-of-the-art measures that only amateurs he has authorised can use the station. Access need not be public to all amateurs; training operation is expressly allowed (§13a(6)); and there is no blanket class-E-minimum for users.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD607": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV §13a permits transmission through a remote station only by authorised amateurs with class A admission.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD607",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(1),(2): only amateurs authorised by the operator who themselves hold a class-A admission may transmit via a remote station — the class-A requirement of remote operation carries over to every user. Class E or N holders and a one-year-seniority rule do not qualify.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD608": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "BNetzA needs the operator's contact details so it can reach the responsible person quickly in case of radio interference.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD608",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(3),(5): the operator gives contact data so he is immediately reachable by the BNetzA as the point of contact if the remote station causes interference and must be shut down. It is not for monthly billing, not for a band-watch data match, and it is not published in the call-sign list.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD609": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "For a remotely operated club station, AFuV §13a limits access to members of the operating group.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_remote_stationen.html#VD609",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "AFuV §13a(1): for a club station in remote operation, access must be restricted to members of the group of amateurs that operates the club station (§2 No. 3). It is not limited to members listed on the assignment document, to amateurs separately reported to the BNetzA, or to those who cannot visit in person.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/__13.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD701": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The Radio Regulations are the international framework, but you operate under German implementation. Memorise: RR may allow a band internationally; AFuV Anlage 1 tells you whether you may use it in Germany.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenzzuteilung.html#VD701",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "International RR allocations are not directly usable in Germany — an amateur may transmit only on the frequencies that national rules have actually implemented, i.e. AFuV Anlage 1 (AFuG §3(5)). The RR does not apply of itself, no prior BNetzA registration unlocks the full RR list, and the amateur bands come from AFuV Anlage 1, not from the Frequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnung.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD702": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 is the national table for German amateur frequency ranges and detailed usage conditions.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenzzuteilung.html#VD702",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The German amateur bands and their detailed usage conditions are in Anlage 1 of the AFuV (plus any BNetzA notices).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD703": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "CB radio is outside the amateur frequency allocations, so an amateur station is not authorised to transmit there.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_nur_mit_afu_stellen.html#VD703",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "An amateur may never use his amateur station in the CB (Citizens' Band) range — AFuG §5(3) limits him to the frequencies designated for the amateur service. Re-tuning the set to meet CB technical rules, holding a CB permit, or observing CB power limits does not make it lawful; CB is simply not an amateur allocation.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD704": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Primary means priority user. A primary service may demand protection from secondary users, so secondary stations must move or stop if they cause trouble. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a text lookup — the definition of a primärer Funkdienst is in Anlage 1, Nutzungsbedingungen ¶3 (S. 1).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_primaerer_sekundaerer_funkdienst.html#VD704",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 (3): a primary service is one whose stations may demand protection against interference from stations of secondary services. It is not defined by being commercial or public-safety, and the amateur service is a full primary service in the bands marked 'P' in Anlage 1 — its non-safety status under the AFuG does not change that.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD705": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Secondary has the weaker position: do not interfere, and do not expect protection. Good memory hook: secondary means 'no trouble caused, no protection claimed'. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a text lookup — the definition of a sekundärer Funkdienst is in Anlage 1, Nutzungsbedingungen ¶3 (S. 1).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_primaerer_sekundaerer_funkdienst.html#VD705",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 (3): a secondary service is one whose stations must neither cause interference to primary-service stations nor claim protection from them. Being secondary does mean being subordinate to primary users (so the 'not subordinate' wording is wrong), and it is not a category reserved for commercial or public-safety stations.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD706": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 lists 7000-7200 kHz with primary status for the amateur service. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup — the Status column of the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2) marks 7000–7200 kHz as primary.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_primaerer_sekundaerer_funkdienst.html#VD706",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the amateur service is primary ('P') on 7000–7200 kHz (40 m). On a secondary ('S') band it may claim no protection from the primary users.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD707": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "A coastal station on its fixed assigned frequency cannot simply move; even in a shared primary band the amateur station must stop using that frequency unless a real emergency exists.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_primaerer_sekundaerer_funkdienst.html#VD707",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "On 80 m the amateur and maritime services are both primary, but a coast station works on a fixed assigned frequency it cannot move, and Anlage 1 (2) gives priority to traffic already occupying a frequency; among primary services the earlier assignment prevails. So you must vacate (except in a genuine emergency) — distance, power level, or waiting to be told to move are not valid reasons to continue.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VD708": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The 433.05-434.79 MHz ISM designation means non-communication industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar applications also use that range.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_primaerer_sekundaerer_funkdienst.html#VD708",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "An ISM designation (433,05–434,79 MHz, inside 70 cm) means the range is also used by industrial, scientific, medical, domestic and similar equipment. The amateur service shares it and must tolerate that equipment's emissions; it does not signal satellite measurements, a secondary-only amateur status, or a required power reduction for amateurs.",
+    "source": "ITU Radio Regulations No. 1.15 (ISM definition); German Frequenzplan, 70 cm band",
+    "confidence": 8
   },
   "VD709": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the German 160 m band. Memorise it as the MF/low-HF entry: 1810-2000 kHz, just below the broadcast-style 2 MHz area. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD709",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 160 m band is 1810–2000 kHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD710": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 80 m band. The exam table value is 3.5-3.8 MHz; remember it as the first classic HF band after 160 m. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD710",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 80 m band is 3,5–3,8 MHz (it ends at 3,8 MHz; the band reaches 4,0 MHz only in Region 2).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD711": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 40 m band. The German amateur range is 7.0-7.2 MHz; the clean round 7 MHz start makes it easy to anchor. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD711",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 40 m band is 7,0–7,2 MHz (it extends to 7,3 MHz only in Region 2, the Americas).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD712": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 30 m WARC band, and it is deliberately narrow: 10.100-10.150 MHz. Memory hook: 30 m is the tiny 50 kHz slice at 10.1 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD712",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 30 m band is 10,1–10,15 MHz — a narrow 50 kHz WARC band.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD713": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 20 m band. The table value is 14.000-14.350 MHz; remember 14 MHz as the main long-distance HF anchor. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD713",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 20 m band is 14,0–14,35 MHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD714": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 17 m WARC band. Like the other WARC bands, it is narrow: 18.068-18.168 MHz, a 100 kHz slice. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD714",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 17 m band is 18,068–18,168 MHz — a 100 kHz WARC band.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD715": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 15 m band. The range starts cleanly at 21 MHz and runs to 21.45 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD715",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 15 m band is 21,0–21,45 MHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD716": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 12 m WARC band. Memory hook: another narrow 100 kHz WARC slice, 24.89-24.99 MHz, just below 25 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD716",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 12 m band is 24,89–24,99 MHz — a 100 kHz WARC band.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD717": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 10 m band. It is the broad class-N HF band too: 28-29.7 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD717",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 10 m band is 28–29,7 MHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD718": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 6 m band in Germany: 50-52 MHz. Remember it as the bridge between HF-like propagation and VHF regulation. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD718",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 6 m band is 50–52 MHz (it ends at 52 MHz; 54 MHz is the Region 2 edge).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD719": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 2 m VHF band. The exam value is compact and round: 144-146 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD719",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 2 m band is 144–146 MHz (in Region 1 it ends at 146 MHz; 148 MHz is the Region 2 edge).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD720": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 70 cm UHF band. Memorise the German allocation as the round 10 MHz block from 430 to 440 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD720",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 70 cm band is 430–440 MHz (the tighter 432–438 MHz is an IARU sub-band convention, not the legal edge).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD721": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 23 cm band. The German amateur range is 1240-1300 MHz; remember it as the first microwave-style exam range after 70 cm. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD721",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 23 cm band is 1240–1300 MHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD722": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "This is the 13 cm band. The exam range is 2320-2450 MHz, ending at the familiar 2.45 GHz ISM neighbourhood. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the band edges are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_amateurfunkbaender.html#VD722",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the German 13 cm band is 2320–2450 MHz.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD723": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Class N is the compact starter set: 10 m, 2 m and 70 cm. Memorise the three islands: 28-29.7 MHz, 144-146 MHz and 430-440 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the bands open to class N are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenz.html#VD723",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: a class-N holder may transmit only on 28–29,7 MHz (10 m), 144–146 MHz (2 m) and 430–440 MHz (70 cm) — no other HF, nothing above 70 cm.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD724": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "For class N on 2 m and 70 cm, AFuV Anlage 1 uses an EIRP cap of 10 W rather than a transmitter-output cap. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> the table prints 6,1 W ERP for class N on 2 m/70 cm (Anlage 1, S. 2); convert to EIRP with $P_\\mathrm{EIRP} = P_\\mathrm{ERP}\\cdot 1{,}64$ (S. 15) → ≈10 W EIRP — not a direct table value.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_sendeleistung_klasse_n.html#VD724",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-N limit on 2 m and 70 cm is 10 W EIRP (listed as 6,1 W ERP, since 6,1 W ERP ≈ 10 W EIRP).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD725": {
-    "revision": 4,
-    "explanation": "EIRP is transmitter power times antenna gain relative to isotropic: $5\\,\\text{W} \\cdot 2.5 = 12.5\\,\\text{W}$, which exceeds the 10 W class N limit. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> EIRP = transmitter power × isotropic gain factor ($5\\,\\text{W} \\times 2{,}5 = 12{,}5\\,\\text{W}$); the 10 W EIRP class-N limit comes from $6{,}1\\,\\text{W}$ ERP $\\times 1{,}64$ (Anlage 1 S. 2 + conversion S. 15).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_sendeleistung_klasse_n.html#VD725",
+    "revision": 6,
+    "explanation": "EIRP is transmitter output times antenna gain over isotropic: $5\\,\\text{W} \\times 2{,}5 = 12{,}5\\,\\text{W}$ EIRP (lossless direct feed), which exceeds the class-N cap of 10 W EIRP on 2 m — so this antenna is not allowed. A gain antenna is fine as long as the resulting EIRP stays within 10 W.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD726": {
-    "revision": 4,
-    "explanation": "EIRP is transmitter power times antenna gain relative to isotropic: $5\\,\\text{W} \\cdot 1.8 = 9\\,\\text{W}$, which stays below the 10 W class N limit. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> EIRP = transmitter power × isotropic gain factor ($5\\,\\text{W} \\times 1{,}8 = 9\\,\\text{W}$); the 10 W EIRP class-N limit comes from $6{,}1\\,\\text{W}$ ERP $\\times 1{,}64$ (Anlage 1 S. 2 + conversion S. 15).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_sendeleistung_klasse_n.html#VD726",
+    "revision": 6,
+    "explanation": "EIRP is output times gain over isotropic: $5\\,\\text{W} \\times 1{,}8 = 9\\,\\text{W}$ EIRP, which stays under the class-N 10 W EIRP cap on 2 m — so this antenna is allowed.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD727": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 permits class E operation from 1810 to 1850 kHz with a maximum of 100 W PEP. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD727",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 160 m (1810–1850 kHz) a class-E holder may use up to 100 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD728": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 lists 750 W PEP for class A in the 3.5-3.8 MHz band. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD728",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 80 m (3,5–3,8 MHz) a class-A holder may use up to 750 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD729": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 3.5-3.8 MHz limits of 750 W PEP for class A and 100 W PEP for class E. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD729",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 80 m (3,5–3,8 MHz), class A may use up to 750 W PEP and class E up to 100 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD730": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 limits class A in 10.1-10.15 MHz to 150 W PEP. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD730",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 30 m (10,1–10,15 MHz) the class-A limit is 150 W PEP — a special lower cap for this narrow secondary WARC band.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD731": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 lists 750 W PEP for class A on both 14.000-14.350 MHz and 18.068-18.168 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD731",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-A limit on 20 m (14,0–14,35 MHz) and 17 m (18,068–18,168 MHz) is 750 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD732": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 lists 750 W PEP for class A on both 21.000-21.450 MHz and 24.890-24.990 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD732",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-A limit on 15 m (21,0–21,45 MHz) and 12 m (24,89–24,99 MHz) is 750 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD733": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 21 MHz and 28 MHz limits of 750 W PEP for class A and 100 W PEP for class E. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD733",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 15 m and 10 m, class A may use up to 750 W PEP and class E up to 100 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD734": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 144-146 MHz and 430-440 MHz limits of 750 W PEP for class A and 75 W PEP for class E. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD734",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: on 2 m and 70 cm, class A may use up to 750 W PEP and class E up to 75 W PEP (class E is 75 W here, lower than on HF).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD735": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 allows class A up to 750 W PEP at 1240-1300 MHz but adds a special 5 W EIRP cap in 1247-1263 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> 750 W PEP for class A at 1240–1300 MHz is in the table (Anlage 1, S. 2); the special 1247–1263 MHz limit is 3,05 W ERP in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (S. 3) — i.e. ≈5 W EIRP via ×1,64 (S. 15).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD735",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-A limit on 23 cm (1240–1300 MHz) is 750 W PEP, but additional rule 11 caps the 1247–1263 MHz sub-range at 3,05 W ERP (= 5 W EIRP) to protect other users.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD736": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "For class A between 1300 MHz and 250 GHz, AFuV Anlage 1 lists a maximum transmitter output of 75 W PEP. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD736",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-A limit in the bands between 1300 MHz and 250 GHz is 75 W PEP (the 750 W figure applies only up to 23 cm).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD737": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "For class E between 1300 MHz and 250 GHz, AFuV Anlage 1 lists a maximum transmitter output of 5 W PEP. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup, not a memory item — the per-class power limits are listed in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ausgangsleistung.html#VD737",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-E limit in the bands between 1300 MHz and 250 GHz is 5 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD738": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 sets the narrow 800 Hz occupied-bandwidth limit for 135.7-137.8 kHz, 472-479 kHz and 10.100-10.150 MHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a lookup — the maximum occupied bandwidth per band is in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (Anlage 1, S. 3), not in the page-2 table.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_bandbreite.html#VD738",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1, additional rule 1: the maximum occupied bandwidth is 800 Hz on 135,7–137,8 kHz, 472–479 kHz and 10100–10150 kHz — narrow bands for narrowband modes.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD739": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 3.5-3.8 MHz a maximum occupied bandwidth of 2.7 kHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a lookup — the maximum occupied bandwidth per band is in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (Anlage 1, S. 3), not in the page-2 table.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_bandbreite.html#VD739",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1, additional rule 3: the maximum occupied bandwidth is 2,7 kHz (SSB width) on 3500–3800 kHz and the other classic HF phone bands.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD740": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 28.000-29.000 MHz a maximum occupied bandwidth of 7 kHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a lookup — the maximum occupied bandwidth per band is in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (Anlage 1, S. 3), not in the page-2 table.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_bandbreite.html#VD740",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1, additional rule 4: below 29 MHz the maximum occupied bandwidth on 10 m is 7 kHz (40 kHz above 29 MHz), so 28000–29000 kHz is the 7 kHz case.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD741": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 144-146 MHz a maximum occupied bandwidth of 40 kHz. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a lookup — the maximum occupied bandwidth per band is in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (Anlage 1, S. 3), not in the page-2 table.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_bandbreite.html#VD741",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1, additional rule 6: the maximum occupied bandwidth is 40 kHz on 144–146 MHz (2 m).",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD742": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 gives 430-440 MHz a 2 MHz occupied-bandwidth limit, with 7 MHz allowed for AM television transmissions. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a lookup — the maximum occupied bandwidth per band is in the Zusätzliche Nutzungsbestimmungen (Anlage 1, S. 3), not in the page-2 table.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_bandbreite.html#VD742",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1, additional rule 7: on 430–440 MHz (70 cm) the maximum occupied bandwidth is 2 MHz (7 MHz for AM television) — wide enough for ATV.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VD743": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1 caps class N in the 10 m band at 10 W ERP. <u>Hilfsmittel:</u> a table lookup — the 10 m class-N limit (10 W ERP) is in the allocation table (Anlage 1, Tabellarische Übersicht, S. 2).",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_sendeleistung_klasse_n.html#VD743",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "AFuV Anlage 1: the class-N limit on the 10 m band (28–29,7 MHz) is 10 W ERP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afuv_2005/anlage_1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE101": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The TKG is a general telecommunications law; amateur radio has its own law, but frequency-use and enforcement rules from the TKG can still apply.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gesetze_vorschriften.html#VE101",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "Yes — the amateur service has its own AFuG/AFuV, but general TKG rules still reach it, e.g. frequency assignment (TKG §91) and interference/enforcement. So the TKG is neither wholly inapplicable nor expressly excluding amateurs, and it is not that all of it applies.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__91.html",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE102": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The principle is that every frequency use needs a prior frequency assignment — either an individual assignment or a general assignment (as amateur radio has); without one, transmitting is not allowed.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_frequenzzuteilung.html#VE102",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "TKG §91(1): every use of a frequency requires a prior frequency assignment. For amateurs this assignment is given with the licence (and ISM/general uses are covered by a general assignment, Allgemeinzuteilung — still a form of assignment). So there is no 0,1 W threshold and no lawful use entirely without an assignment.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__91.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE103": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Using frequencies without the required frequency assignment is a TKG administrative offence.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_verstoesse_und_folgen.html#VE103",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "TKG §228 (no. 17) makes using a frequency without the assignment required by §91(1) an Ordnungswidrigkeit. Networking repeaters over public telecom links, third-party or commercial amateur operation are dealt with under the AFuG (or are not TKG offences), not under this TKG fine provision.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__228.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE201": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Listening to the non-publicly spoken word is a criminal offence in its own right; holding an amateur licence gives no exception, so an amateur station may never be used for it.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernmeldegeheimnis_abhoerverbot.html#VE201",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Using the station to listen in on the non-public spoken word is a criminal offence under StGB §201 (Verletzung der Vertraulichkeit des Wortes); for radio reception the operator's duties additionally follow from the Abhörverbot in TDDDG §5. It is not something an amateur may decide for himself, not unlockable by a BNetzA permit, and not made lawful by using 'approved' receivers.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__201.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE202": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "TDDDG protects communications not intended for the recipient; receiving, using or passing on such messages violates that confidentiality duty.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernmeldegeheimnis_abhoerverbot.html#VE202",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "TDDDG §5 (Abhörverbot and confidentiality duty of operators of radio equipment) is breached by receiving, using or passing on messages that are not meant for amateurs, the general public, or an indeterminate group of persons. The breach does not turn on whether the amateur took part in the contact, nor is it limited to passing content to non-amateurs — the decisive point is that the message was not intended for a general audience.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ttdsg/__5.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE203": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "TDDDG §5 bars disclosing both the content and the fact of receiving non-public/non-general messages, except where emergency and disaster rules justify it.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernmeldegeheimnis_abhoerverbot.html#VE203",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 6,
+    "explanation": "TDDDG §5: you may not disclose the content — or even the fact of reception — of messages not intended for amateurs, the public or an indeterminate group. That confidentiality duty has no built-in emergency exception (§5(3) only defers to other statutes); the Not-/Katastrophenfälle carve-out the catalog names comes from the separate amateur emergency provision, AFuG §5(5).",
+    "source": "TDDDG §5 (Abhörverbot), gesetze-im-internet.de/ttdsg/__5.html; AFuG §5(5) (Not-/Katastrophenfälle), gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE204": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "TDDDG prohibits disguised transmitting devices suited to unnoticed eavesdropping on non-public speech, including possession and manufacture.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_fernmeldegeheimnis_abhoerverbot.html#VE204",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "TDDDG §8 (Missbrauch von Telekommunikationsanlagen) bans both the manufacture and the possession of transmitting devices disguised as another object and thus usable for intercepting the non-public spoken word (hidden 'bug' transmitters). Broadband scanners, directional microphones and digital recorders are not caught by this manufacture-and-possession ban.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ttdsg/__8.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE301": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Before escalating an EMC dispute, reducing power is a practical interim measure that may remove the interference and preserve neighbourly peace.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE301",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Before the BNetzA is involved, the practical neighbourly step is to provisionally reduce transmit power to see whether that clears the interference. Passband tuning only affects your own receiver, and restricting yourself to DX or split operation does nothing about a neighbour's affected reception.",
+    "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Vportal/TK/Funktechnik/Stoerung/artikel.html",
     "confidence": 8
   },
   "VE302": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "If local remedies fail, BNetzA is the competent authority to investigate radio-interference causes.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE302",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "When interference to a neighbour's TV/radio cannot be cleared with the available means, the right response is to politely suggest the neighbour asks the BNetzA to investigate the cause (EMVG §27, Störungsbearbeitung). Simply blaming the neighbour's equipment, disclaiming responsibility, or only telling your own club does not get the cause properly determined.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/emvg_2016/__27.html",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE303": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "When both installations are compliant but incompatibility remains, EMVG gives BNetzA authority to arrange remedial measures with the parties.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE303",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Both stations are operated correctly, so no one is at fault — under EMVG §27(3) the BNetzA may investigate and arrange remedial measures in cooperation with the parties, not impose a penalty. There is no fine, no fee-bearing operating restriction or ban, and no revocation, because the amateur has complied with the rules.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/emvg_2016/__27.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE304": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "EMVG lets BNetzA arrange remedial measures in cooperation with affected parties when compliant equipment still causes a local EMC problem.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE304",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "With both the TV set and the amateur station compliant and no further improvement possible, EMVG §27(3) empowers the BNetzA to arrange remedial measures in cooperation with the parties. It is not powerless, and — since the amateur is compliant — it does not revoke the licence or start a fine procedure.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/emvg_2016/__27.html",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE305": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "If the amateur field strength at the affected receiver is below the relevant immunity reference level, the amateur station is not the non-compliant part and may continue operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE305",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The amateur's field strength at the receiver stays below the immunity level the standard recommends for equipment, so the receiver is simply under-immune (its problem under the EMVG §27 framework, not the amateur's) — he may continue operating. He need not reduce power or shut down, but neither may he increase power without limit.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/emvg_2016/__27.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE306": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "If the field strength at the cable system stays below the recommended immunity level, the amateur transmission is within the assumed compatibility boundary.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_stoerungen_vermeiden.html#VE306",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The field strength at the cable installation is below the recommended immunity limit for cable distribution equipment, so the fault is the installation's poor immunity, not the amateur's operation (EMVG §27 framework) — he may continue. He is not required to reduce power or stop, and 'unlimited' power increase is still not allowed.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/emvg_2016/__27.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE307": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Interference on every band usually points to a nearby broadband noise source, not propagation or one amateur band. The practical first step is to isolate local household electronics and power supplies before escalating.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_empfangsstoerungen.html#VE307",
+    "revision": 6,
+    "explanation": "Reception disturbed across all bands points to a source close by, so the first step is to hunt for interferers in your own household — switching power supplies, LED lamps, computers and monitors. Notifying the BNetzA or a band-watch, or switching to transmit, comes only after you have ruled out your own home.",
+    "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Vportal/TK/Funktechnik/Stoerung/artikel.html",
     "confidence": 8
   },
   "VE308": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "A receiver has no general right to be free of all interference; compliant devices under EMVG or FuAG may still produce disturbance the amateur must tolerate.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_empfangsstoerungen.html#VE308",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "In principle you must tolerate interference to your reception if the interfering devices meet the requirements of the EMVG or the FuAG — the amateur receiver enjoys no special protection (mirroring AFuG §7). You do not have to accept interference unconditionally, and the interferer's importance to its owner is irrelevant.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__7.html",
     "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE309": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "A time/type log and suspected source give BNetzA evidence for pattern matching and field investigation of recurring interference.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_empfangsstoerungen.html#VE309",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "To help the BNetzA's interference desk, keep a note of when and how each disturbance occurs and name the suspected source — the where/how/when its reporting guidance asks for. Flooding it with an e-mail per event, pressing for a fast call-out, or collecting neighbours' contact data does not help the investigation.",
+    "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Vportal/TK/Funktechnik/Stoerung/artikel.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE401": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The FuAG implements the market rules for radio equipment, including making radio equipment available, free movement and putting it into service.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VE401",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "The Funkanlagengesetz (FuAG) governs the placing on the market, free movement and putting into service of amateur radio equipment made available on the market. The AFuV covers amateur operation and the EMVG covers electromagnetic compatibility — market access of equipment is the FuAG's domain.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/fuag/__1.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE402": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Radio equipment made available on the market, including amateur equipment sold commercially, falls under the FuAG.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VE402",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "FuAG applies to amateur radio equipment made available on the market. FuAG §2(1) excludes three specific categories that are treated as not placed on the market: kits assembled and used by amateurs for their own purposes, equipment modified and used by amateurs for their own purposes, and equipment assembled within the amateur service for experimental and scientific purposes. The trigger is being placed on the market — self-building alone is not what exempts it.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/fuag/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE403": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Serially manufactured amateur radio equipment is market equipment, so it must meet FuAG essential requirements and carry CE marking.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VE403",
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Under FuAG §9 (with §19 on CE marking), series-manufactured equipment placed on the market must be built to the essential requirements, pass conformity assessment and carry the CE marking. Amateur self-built, modified and kit equipment used for the amateur's own purposes is excluded by FuAG §2(1), so it needs no CE mark.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/fuag/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE404": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Commercial receivers capable of receiving amateur frequencies are market radio equipment, so FuAG requirements apply.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VE404",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "Commercially sold receivers able to receive amateur frequencies must comply with the FuAG like any market radio equipment — receivers are in scope. Their requirements are not in the AFuV, they are not exempt from all rules, and they are not restricted to amateurs only.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/fuag/__1.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE405": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "FuAG excludes amateur radio equipment assembled by radio amateurs for experimental and scientific purposes, so those home-built stations do not need FuAG conformity proof.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_recht_zum_selbstbau.html#VE405",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Under FuAG §2(1), equipment that an amateur assembles from a kit, or modifies, and uses for his own purposes (or assembles within the amateur service for experimental/scientific purposes) is treated as not placed on the market and so need not meet the FuAG requirements — no CE conformity proof, no presentation to the BNetzA. The exemption is this specific own-use category, not simply 'anything an amateur built'; placing such gear on the market would bring it back into scope.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/fuag/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE501": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "EMVU is not about whether your radio works; it is about electromagnetic fields in the environment. In exam terms, read it as person/environment protection from RF exposure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE501",
-    "confidence": 9
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "EMVU stands for elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit in der Umwelt — the compatibility of fields with the human environment (protecting people from EM fields). It is not EMV of equipment (that is EMVG), not a measurement method, and not a citizens' initiative.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/",
+    "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE502": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The fixed amateur-station operator is responsible for demonstrating and maintaining electromagnetic environmental compatibility at the site.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE502",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "Under BEMFV §9 the operator of the fixed amateur station is responsible for ensuring environmental EM compatibility (person protection). It is not the BNetzA, the equipment manufacturer, or whoever built the antenna — the duty rests on the person operating the station.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE503": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The BEMFV is the regulation that sets the proof procedure for limiting electromagnetic fields from fixed amateur stations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE503",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "The procedure for protecting people in the EM fields of fixed amateur stations is set by the BEMFV (Verordnung über das Nachweisverfahren zur Begrenzung elektromagnetischer Felder). The AFuG only enables it, the Radio Regulations are international allocation rules, and the BImSchG (with its 26th ordinance) sets the limit values but not this amateur self-declaration procedure.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE504": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The BEMFV procedure is a self-responsibility model: calculate or measure the safety distance, document it, and declare that people are protected. It is not just paperwork; it defines your safe operating envelope.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE504",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: the Anzeigeverfahren is a self-declaration procedure that lets the amateur himself establish and document that his fixed station poses no hazard to people. It is not a job for a certified measuring lab, and it is not a bare statement about staying under 10 W EIRP or 750 W PEP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE505": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Person-protection field limits come from the 26th BImSchV and are applied through the BEMFV proof procedure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE505",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "The limit values protecting people and active body aids (e.g. pacemakers) in EM fields are set in the 26th Federal Immission Control Ordinance (26. BImSchV) and applied via the BEMFV. They are not in the EMC Directive/EMVG, the FuAG/TKG, or the AFuG/AFuV — those govern equipment or operation, not the human exposure limits.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__2.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE506": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "For fixed amateur stations at 10 W EIRP or more, BEMFV requires the safety distance to be determined by calculation or measurement and documented.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE506",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: for a fixed station of 10 W EIRP or more, the operator must determine the safety distance needed to keep within the limits — by calculation or by measurement (per DIN EN 50413) — and document it comprehensibly. There is no fixed 10 m / 25 m standard distance for 100 W, and no certified lab is required.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE507": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The trigger number is 10 W EIRP for fixed amateur stations. Memorise it as: fixed station plus 10 W EIRP or more means EMVU documentation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE507",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: person protection must be documented for all fixed (ortsfeste) amateur stations with an EIRP of 10 W or more. It is not required for every station regardless of power, nor for portable/mobile operation — the trigger is a fixed station at or above 10 W EIRP.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE508": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Every operator of a fixed amateur station at or above 10 W EIRP must use the BEMFV notification procedure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE508",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: everyone operating a fixed amateur station at 10 W EIRP or more must notify the BNetzA. The duty does not attach to portable/mobile operation, to class A holders as such, or to HF activity in general — it is about fixed stations reaching the 10 W EIRP threshold.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE509": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The BEMFV notification must be submitted to the responsible BNetzA field office before starting operation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE509",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: the notification (Anzeige) must be filed before the station is put into operation, at the competent (zuständige) BNetzA branch office. It is not 'within three months of starting', and it must go to the competent office — not just any branch.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE510": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The notification only covers the station as described. If antennas, power, location or other relevant facts change so the old assumptions no longer fit, redo the procedure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE510",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: a fresh notification is required whenever the existing one no longer matches the actual situation (e.g. a material change to the station or site). It is not an annual update, not tied to a change of certificate class, and not only on BNetzA request.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE511": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The notification is your binding statement to BNetzA: I checked the RF exposure limits and my fixed station stays within them. The responsibility remains with the operator.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_personenschutzabstand.html#VE511",
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: the notification is the operator's binding declaration that he is, on his own responsibility, keeping within the legal limit values protecting people in EM fields. It is not an unbinding statement, not equivalent to a site certificate, and it declares compliance with those EMF limits — not with the BImSchG as such.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE512": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "BEMFV requires a clear drawing of the site-related safety distance and the area controlled by the operator with the notification.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE512",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: what must be attached to the notification is a comprehensible drawing of the site-related safety distance and the area the operator can control. The antenna diagrams, site plan, construction drawing/sketch etc. are documents to be kept ready — they are not attached to the Anzeige itself.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE513": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "From commissioning onward, the operator must keep the supporting compliance documentation ready for BNetzA, including antenna data and site drawings as needed.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE513",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: from commissioning onward the operator must keep ready — and present to the BNetzA on request — a comprehensible documentation of compliance, together with, where applicable, antenna diagrams, a site plan, a construction drawing or dimensioned sketch, and the station's configuration. The admission, device datasheets and logbook are not what this requires, and the notification form plus drawing are what was submitted, not this kept documentation.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE514": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "After notification, the operator must keep the documentation current and re-notify after material changes that invalidate the original assumptions.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE514",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: after notifying, the operator must keep the compliance documentation ready and continuously check whether the conditions under which he notified still hold — re-notifying on material changes. The notification does not discharge him once and for all, it is not an annual re-run, and the documentation is kept ready (not submitted) unless requested.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE515": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "BNetzA accepts several proof methods for amateur stations, including WattWächter, simplified assessment, measurements, and near- or far-field calculations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE515",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "For the EMF proof an amateur may use the BNetzA 'Watt Wächter' assessment tool, the simplified assessment procedure, field-strength measurement, far-field calculation and near-field calculation. He need not commission a certified firm, is not simply left to 'estimate' from expertise, and is not exempt from the proof.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE516": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "The safety distance must cover all emissions the operator intends to make simultaneously, because simultaneous fields add at the exposure location.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE516",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "BEMFV §9: the site-related safety distance must account for all emissions of the fixed station that the amateur intends to make simultaneously (their combined effect). It is not only the single maximum-power emission, and mobile emissions are not part of a fixed-station site assessment.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE517": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "Overlapping safety distances require joint assessment when the antennas can transmit at the same time, because exposure is combined.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_anzeige_ortsfester_amateurfunkanlagen.html#VE517",
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "When the safety distances of several antennas overlap, the affected antennas must be assessed together if they are to transmit simultaneously (the fields add). You do not just take the largest single antenna's distance, you are not forced to restrict transmission to one antenna at a time, and you do not multiply distances by the number of antennas.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__9.html",
     "confidence": 10
   },
   "VE518": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "If other certificate-requiring fixed radio systems are already at the site and total site EIRP reaches 10 W, BEMFV requires a site certificate.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_standortbescheinigung.html#VE518",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "At a site already carrying other fixed radio installations, the powers add up for person protection: once the combined power of all installations at the site reaches or exceeds 10 W EIRP, a site certificate (Standortbescheinigung) is required. It is not that the amateur station simply may not exceed 10 W there, that co-siting is forbidden, or that a mechanical transmit interlock is required.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE519": {
-    "revision": 2,
-    "explanation": "For a fixed amateur station, BEMFV requires a site certificate only when the intended site already has fixed radio systems subject to the site-certificate procedure.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_standortbescheinigung.html#VE519",
-    "confidence": 10
+    "revision": 3,
+    "explanation": "The BNetzA can require a site certificate for a fixed amateur station only where fixed installations already at the site themselves need a Standortbescheinigung (so their fields must be assessed together). For a stand-alone amateur station the self-declaration (Anzeigeverfahren) applies; it is not tied to commercial use or a flat 750 W threshold.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bemfv/__5.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE601": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Home-built does not mean safety rules disappear. The regulation expects generally recognised engineering practice, so VDE rules are the benchmark for safe construction and installation.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gefahren.html#VE601",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Self-built power supplies must be built to the recognised rules of engineering, as set out for example in the VDE standards (electrical safety). Being a knowledgeable amateur does not exempt you, the local utility's rules do not govern your equipment's internal safety, and CEPT recommendations are about licensing, not mains construction.",
+    "source": "AFuV §16(1) (allgemein anerkannte Regeln der Technik); VDE-Normen",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE602": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Outdoor antenna structures are building works, so the applicable construction law is the law of the German federal state where they are erected.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_antennen_baurecht_haftung.html#VE602",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Outdoor antenna installations must be erected under the building-law provisions of the respective federal state (Landesbauordnung). This is not governed by the AFuG, not merely by amateur-club recommendations, and it is not true that private installations face no rules.",
+    "source": "Landesbauordnung des jeweiligen Bundeslandes (state building law)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE603": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Lightning protection is about using recognised technical rules, not improvising. For antenna installations, the exam points you to the VDE standards as that recognised rule set.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_n_blitzschutz.html#VE603",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Recognised rules of engineering for lightning protection of amateur antenna installations are found in the VDE standards (notably the VDE 0185-305 series). They are not in the AFuG, they are not the building-supervision authority's own lightning rules, and they are not club regulations.",
+    "source": "VDE 0185-305 (Blitzschutz); anerkannte Regeln der Technik",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE604": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Split the safety topics: VDE 0855-300 is the amateur-station earthing/equipotential-bonding rule; VDE 0185-305 is the lightning-protection series when the building has lightning protection.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_blitzschutz.html#VE604",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "VDE 0855-300 (bonding and earthing of radio installations) applies to all amateur transmitting installations, whereas the VDE 0185-305 lightning-protection series applies only to buildings that have a lightning-protection system. So 0855-300 is not limited to buildings carrying antennas, and 0185-305 is not skipped merely because an antenna stands clear of the building.",
+    "source": "VDE 0855-300 (Erdung/Potentialausgleich); VDE 0185-305 (Blitzschutz)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE701": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The annual contribution is not a usage fee per QSO; it funds frequency protection and EMC work. Once you hold the amateur authorisation/call sign, you are part of that cost-recovery system.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gebuehren_beitraege.html#VE701",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "The recurring charges are the annual frequency-protection contributions under the TKG (Frequenzschutzbeitrag) and the EMVG contribution. There are no 'allocation contributions' under the AFuG, club membership does not waive them, and holding a call-sign assignment triggers them even with no station built or operated.",
+    "source": "Frequenzschutzbeitragsverordnung (FSBeitrV, TKG); EMVG-Beitrag",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE702": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "The trigger is having the admission, not how often you transmit. Memorise: licence held equals annual contribution owed, even for little or no activity.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gebuehren_beitraege.html#VE702",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Under the Frequenzschutzbeitragsverordnung (FSBeitrV) the annual contribution is owed whenever the amateur holds an admission to the amateur service (Zulassung) — it attaches to the admission, not to owning, building or operating a station.",
+    "source": "Frequenzschutzbeitragsverordnung (FSBeitrV)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE703": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Fees are for individual administrative acts, such as issuing the admission and assigning the person-bound call sign. Think one-time authority action, not the annual contribution.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gebuehren_beitraege.html#VE703",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Under the BNetzA special fees ordinance (BNetzABGebV) a fee is charged for granting the admission to the amateur service together with the assignment of a person-bound call sign. It is not charged for checking BEMFV documents, for an EMC check of the station, or for a short-term relocation of the fixed station.",
+    "source": "Besondere Gebührenverordnung BNetzA (BNetzABGebV)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE704": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "BNetzA fees and contributions are public-law debts. If they are not paid, the state does not need an ordinary private lawsuit first; administrative enforcement can follow.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_gebuehren_beitraege.html#VE704",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "If the fees and contributions go unpaid, the amateur faces enforcement under the Verwaltungs-Vollstreckungsgesetz (administrative enforcement of the debt). It is not answered by withdrawing the exam certificate, by a fine, or by a fee-bearing re-examination.",
+    "source": "Verwaltungs-Vollstreckungsgesetz (VwVG)",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE705": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "Aircraft operation requires the consent of the pilot in command because that person is responsible for the aircraft and onboard radio use.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenzusaetze.html#VE705",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "To operate amateur radio aboard an aircraft you need the consent of the responsible aircraft commander (who is in charge of everything aboard). You use amateur frequencies and your own station — not a BNetzA aeronautical permit, not a fixed aeronautical-service station, and not aeronautical-service frequencies.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__6.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE706": {
-    "revision": 3,
-    "explanation": "On a ship in international waters, amateur operation is possible only with the master's consent because the master controls shipboard operations.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_rufzeichenzusaetze.html#VE706",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 4,
+    "explanation": "Yes — an amateur station may be operated aboard a ship in international waters with the consent of the ship's master (who has authority over the vessel). The consent of just any crew member is not enough, and neither a BNetzA nor a BSH permit is required for this.",
+    "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/afug_1997/__6.html",
+    "confidence": 9
   },
   "VE707": {
-    "revision": 4,
-    "explanation": "For antenna damage, responsibility follows control of the installation. The owner or operator is the person expected to build, maintain and secure it, so they bear liability toward third parties.",
-    "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_antennen_baurecht_haftung.html#VE707",
-    "confidence": 8
+    "revision": 5,
+    "explanation": "Liability for damage caused to third parties by an antenna installation rests on its owner or operator (general civil liability). It does not fall on the amateur club through membership, on the BNetzA via some insurance in the fees, or on the landowner where he is not the station operator.",
+    "source": "BGB (Eigentümer-/Betreiberhaftung, general civil liability)",
+    "confidence": 9
   }
 }