From 899a169da7432dfd3cf185b0b95f6cc66b04315b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Renat Nurgaliyev Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 15:25:42 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Improve explanations --- EXPLANATIONS.md | 5 + explanations.json | 392 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------- test_amateurfunk_anki.py | 17 ++ 3 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 196 deletions(-) diff --git a/EXPLANATIONS.md b/EXPLANATIONS.md index 4573679..2a93dbb 100644 --- a/EXPLANATIONS.md +++ b/EXPLANATIONS.md @@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ The full priority order, top (most preferred) to bottom: official explanatory notes. - Useful when primary law is too terse to convey the *why* on its own — these are the regulator's own gloss on the law. + - Do not cite the question catalog PDF/ZIP itself as an + explanation source. It proves what the official answer is, but + it usually does not explain why that answer is right. Use a + law, regulation, BNetzA notice, DARC/50ohm study page, standard, + or other source that actually supports the explanation. 4. **German amateur-radio organisations.** - DARC publications and band plan (`darc.de`), Runder Tisch diff --git a/explanations.json b/explanations.json index db68f16..a864408 100644 --- a/explanations.json +++ b/explanations.json @@ -4356,99 +4356,99 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BB101": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Abbreviations and Q groups compress common operating messages, so slow text modes carry more meaning per character and keep contacts concise.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB102": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CQ is the standard open invitation to any station, not a call to one named station.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB103": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "DX is operating shorthand for a distant station or long-distance contact; the distance threshold depends on band and propagation.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB104": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "On VHF/UHF, normal local coverage is limited, so DX means stations well beyond local range, typically more than a few hundred kilometres away.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB105": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "On 80 m at night, intercontinental propagation is plausible, so 'CQ DX' asks for stations from other continents rather than nearby stations.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB106": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "TX, RX, and TRX follow the transmit/receive naming convention: transmitter, receiver, and a combined transceiver.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB107": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CW names the continuous carrier used for Morse telegraphy; the information is keyed by interrupting or shifting that carrier.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB108": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "BK is the telegraphy break signal: it interrupts the current transmission or hands over informally without the full closing sequence.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB109": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "K is the procedural invitation to transmit, so it marks that the other station may answer.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB110": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "R at the start of a telegraphy over means 'received', confirming that the previous transmission was copied.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebliche_abkuerzungen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB201": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "These Q groups encode common reception conditions: QRM is man-made interference, QRN is atmospheric noise, and QSB asks about fading.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB202": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "With a question mark, QRO asks about increasing power, QSO asks about direct communication, and QRX asks when the next call should happen.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB203": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "QRT orders stopping transmission, QRZ asks who is calling, and QSL? asks whether reception can be confirmed.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB204": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "QRV states readiness, QRM? asks whether interference is present, and QTH gives a station location.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB205": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "QRP is the operating signal for reducing transmitter power, so 'PSE QRP' is a polite request to turn it down.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BB206": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "QSY is the operating signal for changing frequency, so 'PSE QSY' asks you to move to another frequency.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_q_schluessel.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BC101": { @@ -4656,15 +4656,15 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BD107": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "DP0GVN is one of the German exterritorial class A station patterns; DP0 is used for special locations outside ordinary German territory.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_exterritoriale_stationen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD108": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "DP0POL follows the same exterritorial class A pattern as other German Antarctic or special-location stations.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_exterritoriale_stationen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD109": { @@ -4674,9 +4674,9 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BD201": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The suffix /am means aeronautical mobile: the station is operating from an aircraft.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD202": { @@ -4686,21 +4686,21 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BD203": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The suffix /m means mobile; for amateur operation that includes a station moving in a land vehicle.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD204": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The suffix /m can also mark mobile operation on inland waterways, distinct from /mm on the high seas.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD205": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The suffix /mm means maritime mobile, so the station is aboard a vessel at sea rather than on land or inland water.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BD206": { @@ -4872,33 +4872,33 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BE102": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Answering CQ first names the station being called, then gives your own call sign once, which makes both sides of the intended contact clear.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE103": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A partial call containing your suffix is not enough certainty, so asking whether you were called avoids answering for another station.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE104": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "In English phone procedure, name the station you are calling first and then identify yourself with 'this is' plus your call sign.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE105": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A clear frequency may still be in use, so asking whether it is occupied before calling CQ reduces accidental interference.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE106": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "On higher HF bands, skip propagation can create a dead zone: you may not hear a nearby station that is nevertheless using the frequency.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE107": { @@ -4908,129 +4908,129 @@ "confidence": 7 }, "BE108": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "After your CQ contact ends, the original frequency should not become a queue; arranging QSY keeps the calling or working frequency usable.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE109": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "On 2 m and 70 cm, 'DX' means well beyond normal local range, so local or nearby stations should wait.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE110": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CQ VK/ZL is a directed CQ for Australia and New Zealand prefixes, so a non-VK/ZL station should not answer.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE111": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The Maidenhead locator encodes geographic position into grid fields and squares, giving a compact location reference for radio contacts.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE112": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A CW CQ repeats CQ and the own call sign, uses DE for 'from', and ends with K to invite replies.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE113": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CQ DL is a directed general call for German stations, and PSE K politely invites those stations to answer.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE114": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CQ DX on 20 m asks for distant intercontinental contacts; a European station should not answer a Swiss station's DX call.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE115": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "QRZ? asks 'who is calling me?' and in a pile-up it is also used to invite the next callers.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE116": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "CQ FD and TEST mark contest traffic for Field Day, and /P says the station is operating portable.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE117": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Matching or slowing down to the caller's Morse speed improves copy and avoids forcing the other operator beyond their receive speed.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE118": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Morse should be sent no faster than you can copy and adjusted to slower stations, because reliable exchange matters more than speed.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_betriebsabwicklung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE201": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "RST is a compact reception report, so it summarizes how well the signal can be read and, where relevant, its strength and tone.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE202": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The letters name the three report dimensions: Readability, Strength, and Tone.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE203": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The RST scale uses R 1-5 for readability, S 1-9 for signal strength, and T 1-9 for tone quality.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE204": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the analogue S-meter, the needle indicates S5. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5, so the report is 55.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE205": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the analogue S-meter, the needle indicates S9. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5, so the report is 59.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE206": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the analogue S-meter, the needle is 20 dB over S9. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted, so clear copy is reported as 59+20 dB.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE207": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the digital display, the shown signal level is S5. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5, so the report is 55.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE208": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the digital display, the shown signal level is S9. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted; clear copy gives R5, so the report is 59.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE209": { - "revision": 2, + "revision": 3, "explanation": "On the digital display, the shown signal level is 20 dB over S9. For SSB phone the tone digit is omitted, so clear copy is reported as 59+20 dB.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_rst.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE210": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "SSTV sends pictures, so the practical way to report image quality is to include the report text in the transmitted image itself.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_sstv.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE301": { @@ -5040,81 +5040,81 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BE302": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Contest scoring rewards many valid contacts in limited time, so exchanges are deliberately short and standardized.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_contest.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE303": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A contest QSO counts only if both stations exchange the data required by that contest's rules.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_contest.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE304": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "In a Sprint contest, handing over the frequency after each QSO prevents one station from holding the run frequency continuously.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_contest.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE305": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A pile-up is what happens when many stations call the same desirable station at once.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_pileup.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE306": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "'Only number 3' filters a pile-up by the numeral in the call sign, so only calls with 3 between prefix and suffix should call.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_pileup.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE307": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "List operation uses a strong control station to collect callers and call them in order, reducing chaos around a rare station.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_pileup.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE308": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Split operation separates transmit and receive frequencies, letting a rare station listen where callers transmit while keeping its own transmit frequency clear.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_split_betrieb.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE309": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "'Split up 14270 to 14280' means the station transmits on its announced frequency but listens for callers across that higher range.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_split_betrieb.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE310": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "'5 up' means the wanted station listens 5 kHz above its transmit frequency, so callers must transmit there and listen on the station's frequency.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_split_betrieb.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE311": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "'Tuning 290 to 300 up' gives the listening window by shorthand: transmit between 14290 and 14300 kHz while listening to 14205 kHz.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_split_betrieb.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE312": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A DX-pedition deliberately activates a rare country or island so other amateurs can work a location that is normally hard to hear.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_dx.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE313": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "ARDF is a direction-finding contest: operators use portable receivers to locate hidden low-power transmitters that transmit briefly.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_ardf.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE401": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A repeater is duplex: users transmit to its input, and the repeater retransmits what it hears on its output.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE402": { @@ -5130,39 +5130,39 @@ "confidence": 7 }, "BE404": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A short pause before each over leaves a gap for another station to break in without doubling.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE405": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Clear handover tells everyone whose turn it is, which prevents two stations from transmitting at the same time.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE406": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Repeaters are shared resources, and short overs leave access opportunities for mobile and portable users with changing signal conditions.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE407": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Wide FM spills into adjacent repeater inputs and can overdrive a narrow repeater receiver, causing interference or distorted retransmission.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE408": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Over a repeater, your S-meter reads the repeater's downlink, not the other user's uplink, so only readability describes the other user's signal.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_relaisfunkstellen.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE409": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Beacons provide known reference signals; hearing or not hearing them indicates current propagation conditions.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_baken.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE410": { @@ -5172,45 +5172,45 @@ "confidence": 7 }, "BE411": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Uplink is the direction from an earth station up to the satellite.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE412": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Downlink is the direction from the satellite down to earth stations.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE413": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Azimuth is the horizontal bearing angle used to point an antenna around the horizon.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE414": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Elevation is the vertical pointing angle above the horizon used to track a satellite.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE415": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "OSCAR expands to Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio, the usual name for amateur-radio satellites.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BE416": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A satellite transponder receives signals on one band, translates them to another frequency range, and retransmits them back toward Earth.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_satelliten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF101": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Outside amateur radio, the internationally recognised distress signals are Mayday for voice and SOS for Morse or signalling.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_notfunk.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF102": { @@ -5226,15 +5226,15 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BF104": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The first task is accurate copying: listen and write down facts before transmitting so the emergency information is not lost or distorted.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_notfunk.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF105": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "If a rescue organisation has taken the traffic, extra amateur transmissions only risk interference, so the right action is to stay clear.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_notfunk.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF106": { @@ -5244,15 +5244,15 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "BF107": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "After relaying a distress message, remaining reachable lets you pass updates until professional help arrives or releases you.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_notfunk.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF108": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Germany is UTC+2 during MESZ, so 23:00 UTC is 01:00 MESZ on the following local date.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_notfunk.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BF109": { @@ -5262,69 +5262,69 @@ "confidence": 7 }, "BG101": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A logbook is the station diary: usually voluntary, but it can become mandatory when required for a particular station or case.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_logbuch.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG102": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "If log keeping is ordered, a computer log must remain readable for the required period just like a paper log.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_logbuch.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG103": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Changing log software must not make ordered log data inaccessible, because the records may need later inspection.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_logbuch.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG104": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A QSL card confirms that a QSO took place and can serve as evidence for awards that require worked stations or countries.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG105": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "A useful QSL must identify both stations and the contact: call signs, UTC date/time, band, mode, and signal report are the minimum facts.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG106": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "UTC avoids local time-zone and daylight-saving ambiguity, making it easier for foreign stations to match the card to their log.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG107": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "MEZ is UTC+1, so 15:30 local standard time is 14:30 UTC.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG108": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "MESZ is UTC+2, so 13:30 local daylight-saving time is 11:30 UTC.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG109": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "'QSL via K8PYD' means K8PYD manages cards for HZ1HZ, so sending through that manager is the route to confirmation.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG110": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Direct QSL mailing needs a current address, which is why operators use callbooks or online call-sign information.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "BG111": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Electronic QSL systems and log uploads confirm the same QSO facts without exchanging a physical card.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_qsl_karten.html", "confidence": 8 }, "EA101": { @@ -5526,8 +5526,8 @@ "confidence": 8 }, "EB205": { - "revision": 3, - "explanation": "Eddy currents induced in the conductive copper or aluminium core oppose the changing RF flux, partially cancelling the field inside the core and shrinking the effective magnetic cross-section, so inductance drops. The catalog phrases this as the field 'not penetrating' the core — a simplification of what physically happens, but the wording to memorize.", + "revision": 4, + "explanation": "Eddy currents induced in the conductive copper or aluminium core oppose the changing RF flux, partially cancelling the field inside the core and shrinking the effective magnetic cross-section, so inductance drops. The 'field cannot penetrate the core' wording is a simplification of this eddy-current screening — a memorable shorthand rather than a literal account.", "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_spule_1.html", "confidence": 7 }, @@ -9402,9 +9402,9 @@ "confidence": 8 }, "VB105": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Class N is a German national class and is not covered by the CEPT visitor recommendations, so it gives no CEPT operating privilege abroad.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NEA_funken_im_ausland.html", "confidence": 8 }, "VB106": { @@ -9696,9 +9696,9 @@ "confidence": 10 }, "VD115": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "No BNetzA special permission is needed merely because the amateur station is operated in a watercraft or aircraft; other operator/vehicle permissions still matter.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "VD116": { @@ -9744,9 +9744,9 @@ "confidence": 9 }, "VD204": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "The call-sign plan permits special-event suffixes up to seven characters, including digits, provided the suffix ends with a letter.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Fachthemen/Telekommunikation/Frequenzen/SpezielleAnwendungen/Amateurfunk/DL_Vfg_AFu/Rufzeichenplan_10_24_Auszug_aus_Vfg_15_2025.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4", "confidence": 8 }, "VD205": { @@ -10404,9 +10404,9 @@ "confidence": 10 }, "VE515": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "BNetzA accepts several proof methods for amateur stations, including WattWächter, simplified assessment, measurements, and near- or far-field calculations.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://www.dsc.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Verbraucher/ElektromagnetischeFelder/Anzeige_Afu/anleitung_anzeige20160616.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1", "confidence": 8 }, "VE516": { @@ -10440,9 +10440,9 @@ "confidence": 7 }, "VE602": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Outdoor antenna structures are building works, so the applicable construction law is the law of the German federal state where they are erected.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_antennen_baurecht_haftung.html", "confidence": 8 }, "VE603": { @@ -10482,21 +10482,21 @@ "confidence": 8 }, "VE705": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Aircraft operation requires the consent of the pilot in command because that person is responsible for the aircraft and onboard radio use.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "VE706": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "On a ship in international waters, amateur operation is possible only with the master's consent because the master controls shipboard operations.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/NE_rufzeichenzusaetze.html", "confidence": 8 }, "VE707": { - "revision": 1, + "revision": 2, "explanation": "Damage caused by an antenna installation is a civil-liability issue for the owner or operator who controls that installation.", - "source": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Amateurfunk/Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschriftFragKlAuEId7830pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", + "source": "https://50ohm.de/N_antennen_baurecht_haftung.html", "confidence": 8 } } diff --git a/test_amateurfunk_anki.py b/test_amateurfunk_anki.py index ad86a07..2e535b0 100644 --- a/test_amateurfunk_anki.py +++ b/test_amateurfunk_anki.py @@ -512,6 +512,23 @@ class TestRealExplanationsFile(unittest.TestCase): categories = aa.collect_categories(catalog) aa._check_explanation_keys_against_catalog(explanations, categories) + def test_repo_explanations_do_not_source_the_question_catalog(self): + repo = Path(__file__).resolve().parent + explanations_path = repo / "explanations.json" + if not explanations_path.exists(): + self.skipTest("explanations.json not available") + explanations = aa.load_explanations(explanations_path) + forbidden = [ + "Fragenkatalog/Pruefungsfragen", + "Fragenkatalog/BetriebVorschrift", + ] + offenders = sorted( + key + for key, value in explanations.items() + if any(token in value["source"] for token in forbidden) + ) + self.assertEqual([], offenders) + if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()